Akbar., Achmad Faisal (2017) Pengaruh Inisiasi Endofit Entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vullemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) terhadap Aphis glycine Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki nilai penting sebagai sumber protein nabati dengan produksi rata - rata dua tahun terakhir mencapai 968.982 ton dan mengamalami peningkatan (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016). Faktor produksi yang dapat menghilangkan hasil adalah Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT). Kutu daun Aphis glycine Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) merupakan salah satu OPT potensial tanaman kedelai yang dapat menyebabakan penurunan hasil lebih dari 40% (Tilmon et al., 2011), sehingga diperlukan pengendalian terhadap hama tersebut. Tindakan pengendalian secara biologi yaitu dengan memanfaatkan musuh alami dari OPT. Salah satu musuh alami dari A. glycine berasal dari kelompok cendawan yaitu Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vullemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Cendawan Beauveria merupakan cendawan kosmopolitan dan kisaran inang cendawan ini sekitar 100 spesies. Cendawan ini juga memiliki sifat unik yaitu dapat berperan sebagai endofit pada jaringan tanaman. Potensi cendawan B. bassiana sebagai endofit pada jaringan tanaman Vicia faba (Fabaceae) dapat menyebabkan kematian sebesar 57,7% (Akutse et al., 2013). Hasil lain pengujian terhadap A. gossypii menyebabkan kematian nimfa sebesar 45 – 97,5% (Gurulingappa et al., 2011). Pengujian terhadap Helicoverpa armigera instar kedua menyebabkan kematian berkisar 4,5 – 85,7% (Qayyum et al., 2015). Pengembangan cendawan B. bassiana sebagai endofit bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kedelai dari serangan kutu daun A. glycine. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancang Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 20 satuan percobaan. Tanaman kedelai yang digunakan adalah varietas Anjasmoro. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi persiapan dan pelaksanaan penelitian. Persiapan penelitian meliputi pembuatan media, perbanyakan cendawan B. bassiana, pemeliharaan kutu daun A. glycine, dan penanaman. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi inisiasi cendawan, pengujian patogenisitas secara langsung, pengujian patogenisitas secara endofit, dan evaluasi. Inisiasi cendawan dilakukan pada tanaman kedelai umur 5 hst dengan menggunakan metode perendaman benih dan pembasahan tanah dengan kerapatan B. bassiana 1 x 108 konidia/mL. Pengujian patogenisitas secara langsung dilakukan dengan taraf kerapatan 105, 106, 107, dan 108 konidia/mL serta diamati selama 7 hari. Pengujian patogenisitas secara endofit dilakukan dengan menginfestasikan 20 kutu daun pertanaman pada umur 20 hsi dan mengamati aspek pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang daun. Evaluasi dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pada tanaman kedelai umur 5 hsi, 20 hsi, dan 30 hsi. Evaluasi ini dilakukan secara destruktif dan mengisolasi sampel masing – masing bagian tanaman pada media PDA yang telah ditambahkan antibiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cendawan B. bassiana mampu berkolonisasi pada tanaman kedelai dengan persentase kolonisasi mencapai 6,67%. Kolonisasi hanya ditemukan pada bagian batang tanaman kedelai pada perlakuan perendaman benih dengan suspsensi cendawan B. bassiana dalam kerapatan 108 konidia/mL selama 2 jam, kolonisasi pada bagian batang sendiri sebesar 20%. Kerapatan cendawan hasil evaluasi sebesar 1,6 x 105 konidia/mL dan viabilitas konidia mencapai 87,4%. Tidak terdapat kematian dan perubahan populasi kutu daun A. glycine. Pengujian patogenisitas secara langsung berpengaruh nyata terhadap antar perlakuan pada pengamatan hari kedua. Inisiasi cendawan B. bassiana tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang daun.
English Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is an important plant which has high protein value with average production 968.982 tons and the production is still increasing (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016). Pest and diseases are the inhibit factors for soybean production. Aphis glycine Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the potential pest in soybean cultivation that may decrease the yield up to 40% (Tilmon et al., 2011). Thus, controlling effort is need to control A. glycine. Biological control by utilizing natural enemies is one from several method to control A. glycine. One of the A. glycine natural enemies is Beauveria bassiana (Balsomo) Vullemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) as entomopathogen. B. bassiana is cosmopolit fungi whose host range around 100 species. B. bassiana also has an unique characteristic which can become endophyte in plant tissue. B. bassiana potency as endophyte in Vicia faba (Fabaceae) plant tissue could be harmfull to A. gossypii and cause death up to 57,7% (Akutse et al., 2013). Other research of B. bassiana against A. gossypii was also harmfull to nymph of A. gossypii and causes death between 45 – 97,5% (Gurulingappa et al., 2011). Different test was conducted on second stage of Helicoverpa armigera and was cause death between 4,5 – 85,7% (Qayyum et al., 2015). Development of B. bassiana as endophyte was purposed to improve soybean resistance against A. glycine. This research used Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, thus there were 20 researchs units. Soybean plants was used Anjasmoro variety. This research was divided into two phase, preparation and implementation. Preparation phase consisted of media establishment, B. bassiana fungi culture, A. glycine preservation, and soybean planting. Implementation phase consisted of B. bassiana initiation, direct test of pathogenicity, endophytic test of pathogenicity, and evaluation. Initiation of B. bassiana was conducted in 5 days after planting on soybean plant by using seed soaking and soil soaking methods with density of B. bassiana 1 x 108 conidia/mL . Direct pathogenicity test was done in several densities, which were 105, 106, 107, and 108 conidia/mL and then was observed until 7 days. Endophytic pathogenicity test was done by infesting 20 aphids on soybean plants in 20 days after inoculation, then plant height and branches was observed. Evaluation was conducted three times in 5, 20, and 30 days after inoculation. Evaluation was conducted by using destructive method and on PDA media with antibiotic addition. The results of this research was B. bassiana on soybean plant was able to colonize with percentage of colonization 6,67%. Colonization was found only in stem plant with seed soaking treatment on B. bassiana suspension density 108 conidia/mL for 2 hours. Percentage of colonization on stem plant was 20%. Evaluation results of fungi density was 1,6 x 105 conidia/mL and conidia viability was 87,4%. A. glycine death and population changing was not found in this research. Direct pathogenicity test was significantly different between treatment in day 2 of observation. B. bassiana initiation did not significantly influenced plant height and number of branches
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2017/206/051704159 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.3 Legumes, forage crops other than grasses and legumes > 633.34 Soybeans |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Sugiantoro |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Jul 2017 04:11 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2020 17:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/281 |
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