Model Pengelolaan Kawasan Pesisir Teluk Kupang Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Kangkan, Alexander Leonidas (2017) Model Pengelolaan Kawasan Pesisir Teluk Kupang Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Aspek-aspek keruangan yang didasarkan pada pengukuran langsung parameter ekologi dilakukan dengan pendekatan spasial. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model geo-statistik sebagai dasar pemetaan dan pemodelan spasial. Pengambilan data sosial dan ekonomi dilakukan secara purposive dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis Generalized Structural Componen Analysis. Kemudian untuk melihat arah pemanfataan dan pengelolaan sebuah kawasan dilakukan dengan pendekatan Analytical Hierarchy Process. . Kawasan Teluk Kupang secara administrasi berada di wilayah Kabupaten Kupang dan Kota Kupang. Ciri penduduk di kawasan ini bersifat heterogen dengan berbagai suku yang mendiaminnya. Struktur pemerintahan desa dipengang oleh penduduk asli sedangkan struktur organisasi lainnya dibentuk oleh masing masing etnis. Aksesibilatas pendukung tersedia secara baik, sehingga mendukung pengembangan kawasan tersebut. Pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan mencapai 5,1-6,98 %. Terdapat keariifat lokal “ songo-songo‟ yang merupakan bentuk pengaturan terhadap pemanfaatan kawasan Teluk Kupang, tetapi telah punah. Beberapa lembaga formal maupun non-formal telah mengambil peran di dalam pengelolaan kawasan Teluk Kupang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (a) kedalaman sebesar 3 m -60 m ±SD 18,30; (b) kecerahan 1,2 m- 15 m ±SD 4,302 ; (c), suhu perairan 26,56 ºC - 28,95 ºC ±SD 0,63; (d) salinitas 30,50 ppt - 36,5 ppt ±SD 1,36; (e) material dasar perairan terdiri atas : pasir berlempung, pasir, lempung berpasir, lempung, lempung berdebu; (f) kecepatan arus 0,710 m/dt - 0,169 m/dt ±SD 0,21; (g), tinggi gelombang 0,15 m – 0,25 m ±SD 0,050 dan (h) Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 45 mg/l - 3 mg/l; (i) oksigen terlarut 5,12 ppm - 8,74 ppm ±SD 1,061; (j) pH 6,20 - 8,95 ±SD 0,76; (k) klorofil-a 0,03 mg/l - 0,52 mg/l ±SD 0,11. viii Potensi ekosistem kawasan Teluk Kupang adalah : (a) lamun seluas 56 ha dengan kerapatan jenis tertinggi sebesar 1811 ind/m² dan terendah sebesar 0 ind/m². Persentase penutupan lamun tertinggi sebesar 33,793 %, dan terendah sebesar 0 %; (b) mangrove seluas 464 ha dengan kisaran kerapatan 467-2800 pohon/ha; (c) terumbu karang seluas 4 ha dengan persentase penutupan sebesar 25,5 %; (d) ikan karang dengan 8-13 famili dan 30-58 jenis. Nilai Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) total perikanan pelagis dan demersal di perairan Teluk Kupang sebesar 5,173 ton/trip. Perikanan pelagis dari jenis ikan tembang (Sardinella fimbriata), mempunyai rata-rata tingkat pemafaatan sebesar 58,24 % dengan jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan sebesar 4160,739 ton/tahun. Rata-rata tingkat pemanfaatan jenis ikan tongkol krai (Auxis thazard) sebesar 65,28 % dengan jumlah tangkap yang dipebolehkan sebesar 3580,749 ton/tahun. Potensi sumberdaya ikan demersal jenis ikan Kurisi (Nemitharus nemathoporus) mempunyai rata-rata tingkat pemanfaatan sebesar 66,78%. dengan jumlah tangkap ikan yang di perbolehkan sebesar 1065,562 ton/tahun. Rata-rata tingkat pemanfaatan ikan biji nangka (Upeneus mullocensin) sebesar 37,461% dengan jumlah tangkap yang diperbolehkan sebesar 1674,856 ton/tahun. Bidang perikanan pertanian dan kehutanan merupakan sektor basis di kawasan Teluk Kupang. Sektor tersebut mempunyai trend positif dimana pertumbuhan ekonomi lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pertumbuhan sektor yang sama tingkat provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kawasan perairan Teluk Kupang mempunyai kategori sangat sesuai bagi pemanfaatan kawasan budidaya laut seluas 9538,79 ha, pemanfaatan kawasan pariwisata seluas 2127,71 ha, pemanfaatan kawasan perikanan tangkap seluas 2583,85 ha dan pemanfaatan kawasan konservasi seluas 9074,84 ha. Prioritas utama dari stakeholder tentang arah pemanfaatan kawasan Teluk Kupang yang perlu dilakukan adalah kawasan konservasi. Alternatif prioritas secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa konservasi memiliki bobot keseluruhan terbesar yaitu 19,0%. Pengelolaan untuk keberlanjutan sumberdaya kawasan Teluk Kupang dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, penataan ruang dan kelembagaan. Hubungan antara berbagai faktor terhadap pengelolaan kawasan ix Teluk Kupang adalah : (a), faktor-faktor ekologi, konomi, sosial, penataan ruang positif dan signifikan meningkatkan pengelolaan kawasan Teluk Kupang, tetapi faktor kelembangaan meskipun terlihat positif tetapi tidak signifikan ; (b), faktor ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, penataan ruang, dan kelembagaan dapat meningktakan keberlanjutan sumberdaya melalui pengelolaan, meskipun pada faktor kelembagaan tidak signifikan peningkatannya. Semakin baik pengelolaan karena semakin baiknya faktor-faktor tersebut, maka semakin baik keberlanjutan sumberdaya. (c). Indeks global optimalization menunjukkan model konstruk yang terbentuk dinyatakan good fit. Prioritas utama dari stakeholder mengenai arah pengelolaan kawasan Teluk Kupang, dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan kolaboratif yang bobot keseluruhan sebesar 31,5%. Pengelolaan kolaboratif menjadi alternatif yang mungkin efektif di tengah kemajemukan konflik kepentingan dan ancaman yang harus di atasi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhannya. Alternatif kontrol pengelolaan Teluk Kupang dapat dilakukan dengan melibatkan pemerintah, non-pemeritah dan masyarakat setempat yang sama besar dalam tanggung jawabnya dan setara dalam pengambilan keputusan pengelolaaan kawasan Keberlanjutan sumberdaya kawasan pesisir Teluk Kupang dapat di upayakan dengan model pengelolaan berbasis konservasi dengan pendekatan kolaboratif yang memperhatikan faktor-faktor ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, penataan ruang dan kelembagaan. Penjabaran model pengelolaan dilakukan dengan merumuskan prioritas sebagai berikut : (a) pengendalian tingkat eksploitasi sumberdaya dan restorasi ekosistem kawasan Teluk Kupang; (b) prioritas tingkat pendapatan masyarakat kawasan pesisir Teluk Kupang melalui peningkatan ketrampilan, (c) prioritas mengembalikan kearifan lokal yang hilang “songo songo”; (d) prioritas perikanan sebagai sektor basis dengan memperhatikan potensi kawasan; (e) prioritas peningkatan peran pemerintah dalam kelembagaan; (f) prioritas bentuk regulasi di dalam pengelolaan kawasan teluk Kupang; (g) kontinuitas pengelolaan kawasan tetap terjaga (h), prioritas pemanfaatan sebagai kawasan konservasi dan (i), prioritas pengelolaan dengan pendekatan kolaboratif yang melibatkan pemerintah, masyarakat dan LSM.

English Abstract

A study has been conducted in Kupang Bay zone, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Kupang Bay is potential area and has been used for fishing, mariculture, tourism as well as protected areas. The utilization of Kupang Bay coastal resouces is increased by communities and local government. The escalation of activities in coastal area may threaten the sustainability and ecological balance due to the interaction of ecological, economic, social, spatial and institutional changing. The onset of scientific uncertainty, conflicts of interest, the legacy of dual administration, overlapping and lack of coordination between institutions. The alteration in coastal areas becomes difficult if the impact on various aspects of management aspects. This study had several purposes, i.e: (a) identify potential resources of Kupang Bay waters; (b) understand and analyze the utilization zones in the Kupang Bay area; (c) set up the policy direction for the spatial utilization zone of Kupang Bay area; (d) analyze the relationship between various factors towards the management and sustainability of resources in the Kupang Bay coastal area. ; (e) design the policy direction for the coastal management zone of the Kupang Bay ; (f). formulate a management model of the sustainability of resources in Kupang Bay. Coastal management requires a comprehensive data of ecological, economic, social, spatial and institutional. A combination research qualitative and quantitative method was used in this study. A survey method was used through observation with direct measurement, interview and review of the literature. Aspects of spatial presented using the spatial approach. Retrieval of ecological data is based on the physiography of the areas, while for participatory data collecting was conducted purposively. Data of spatial aspects was analyzed by using models of geo-statistics as the basis of mapping and spatial modeling, while the potential of the fishery is analyzed by technique Location Quotient and Shift-share. To analyze the relationship between various management and sustainability of resources area a Generalized Structural Component Analysis has been used. Analyzing the direction of the utilization and management of the xi areas was done with the Analytical Hierarchy Process approach. The application of management in Kupang Bay areas is developed by an analog model approach. Administratively, Kupang Bay area is located in the Kupang District and Kupang City region. Characteristics of the population in this area is heterogeneous with the various ethnicity that inhabit the area. The structure of the village government is held by locals while the structure of other organizations formed by each ethnic. Supporting accessibility is available so many strengthen the development of the area. The economic growth of the region reach 5.1-6.98%. There were a local wisdom ”songo songo “ a form of setting the utilization of Kupang Bay but has extinct. Some formal and non-formal institutions have taken their roles in the management of the Kupang Bay area. The results showed that: (a) the water depth of Kupang Bay waters was 3m to 60m ± SD 18.30; (b) water clarity 1.2m to 15m ± SD 4.302; (C) water temperature 26.56ºC to 28.95ºC ± SD 0.63; (d) salinity 30.50ppt to 36.5ppt ± SD 1.36; (e), the bottom sediment consisted of: loam, loam sandy, sandy loam, silty loam, sandy; (f) water current 0.710 m/sec to 0.169 m/sec ± SD 0.21; (g), wave height is 0.15m - 0.25m ± SD 0.050 and (h) Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 45 mg/l - 3 mg/l; (I) dissolved oxygen 5.12 ppm - 8.74 ppm ± SD 1.061; (j) pH 6.20 to 8.95 ± SD 0.76; (k) chlorophyll-a 0.03 mg/l - 0.52 mg/l ± SD 0.11. Kupang Bay ecosystem has a various potential i.e (a) 56 ha seagrass area with the highest density was 1811 individuals/m² and the lowest was 0 individuals/m². The highest seagrass percentage cover was 33.793% and the lowest was 0%; (b) mangrove 464 ha with the density ranges from 467 to 2,800 trees/ha; (c) coral reefs area was 4 ha with a cover percentage of 25.5%; (d) reef fish was 8-13 families and 30-58 species. Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) of total pelagic and demersal fisheries in the Kupang Bay water was calculated 5,173 tonnes/trip. The pelagic fisheries of sardinella (Sardinella fimbriata),, has an average rate of 58.24% utilization with allowable catch at 4160.739 tonnes/year. The average rate of utilization of the frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) of 65.28% with a total allowable catch at 3580.749 tonnes/year. The potential of demersal fish resources Threadfin bream species (Nemitharus nemathoporus) had average utilization rate of 66.78%, with the amount of fishing that are allowed at 1065.562 tonnes/year. The average xii utilization rate of Goldband goatfish (Upeneus mullocensin) of 37.461% with the amount of fishing that are allowed at 1674.856 tonnes /year. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries is a main sector in the Kupang Bay area. The sectors has a positive trend where economic growth is fastest than the growth rate of the same sector of East Nusa Tenggara province. Coastal waters in the Kupang Bay area have suitability for utilization of mariculture with about 9538.79 ha. The utilization of tourism area of 2127.71 ha, utilization of fisheries area was 2583.85 ha and utilization conservation area wide about 9074.84 ha. The main priorities of the stakeholders about the direction of the utilization of the Kupang Bay that needs to be done is a conservation area. Alternative priority overall shows that conservation has a total weight of 19%. Sustainable management of coastal resources of Kupang Bay area isinfluenced by ecological, economic, social, spatial and institutional. The relationship between the various factors such as: (a) Ecological , economic, social, spatial arrangement factors show a positive and significant improve the management of Kupang Bay area. However although institutional factors are positive but no significant; (b) the factor of ecological, economic, social, spatial, and can strengthen its institutional sustainability through resource management, although the institutional factors did not significantly increase. The better management because of the improving these factors, the better the sustainability of resources. (c). Index global optimalization shows a model constructs formed otherwise good fit. The main priority of stakeholder about Kupang Bay management direction can be done through a collaborative approach with the total value is 31.5%. Collaborative management may become an effective alternative among the plurality conflicts of interest and threat that has to be overcome for the needs fulfillment. Alternative management control of Kupang Bay can be done by involving the government, non-government and local communities that have an equal responsibility and decision making. Sustainability of Kupang bay resources can be pursued through model-based management conservation with collaborative approach which the ecological, economy, social, spatial arrangement and institution consideration. The elaboration of the management model carried out by formulating the following priorities : (i) control of the exploitation rate and restoration of the xiii Kupang Bay ecosystem; (ii) improve income rate through skill improvement; (iii) protect local wisdom (SongoSongo); (iv) give priorityto the fishery sector and develop its potential; (v) improve governmental contributions; (vi) prioritize the regulation form of the Kupang Bay management; (vii) achieve continuity of management. (viii) priority utilization as conservation area; (ix) priority management by collaborative approach which involve government, communities and non-government Organization (NGO).

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctor)
Identification Number:	DIS/333.917/KAN/m/2017/061708235
Uncontrolled Keywords:	COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, BAYS, INDONESIA - KUPANG(nusa tenggara timur)
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.9 Other natural resources > 333.91 Water and lands adjoining bodies of water > 333.917 Lands adjoining bodies of water
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	18 Sep 2017 03:30
Last Modified:	04 Dec 2020 06:48
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/2620

Preview	Text BAGIAN DEPAN.pdf Download (5MB) | Preview
Preview	Text BAB I. PENDAHULUAN.pdf Download (3MB) | Preview
Preview	Text BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.pdf Download (3MB) | Preview
Preview	Text BAB III. KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESISI PENELITIAN.pdf Download (3MB) | Preview
Preview	Text BAB IV. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN.pdf Download (4MB) | Preview
Preview	Text BAB V. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.pdf Download (7MB) | Preview
Preview	Text BAB VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.pdf Download (3MB) | Preview
Preview	Text DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (4MB) | Preview

Actions (login required)

View Item