Dinamika Populasi Udang Karang Bambu (Panulirus Versicolor Latrielle, 1804) Di Kepulauan Spermonde Sulawesi Selatan Dan Alternatif Pengelolaannya

Hasrun, - (2017) Dinamika Populasi Udang Karang Bambu (Panulirus Versicolor Latrielle, 1804) Di Kepulauan Spermonde Sulawesi Selatan Dan Alternatif Pengelolaannya. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Udang karang(Panulirus spp) merupakan salah satu jenis sumberdaya perikanan laut Indonesia yang sangat potensial dan telah lama dilakukan penangkapannya oleh nelayan pada daerah terumbu karang. Udang karang tersebut merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan laut yang memberikan kontribusi cukup tinggi pada aktivitas perikanan pantai atau karang. Walaupun udang karang merupakan sumberdaya yang dapat pulih kembali, namun tanpa pengelolaan secara sungguh-sungguh dapat menyebabkan terganggunya kelestarian stok Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Mendapatkan parameter dinamika populasi udang karang bambu (P. versicolor) pada daerah Kepulauan Spermonde (2) Mengestimasi terhadap potensi cadangan tangkapan lestari dan potensi cadangan saat ini dan (3) mendapatkan hubungan faktor-faktor lingkungan abiotik perairan yang berpengaruh terhadap udang karang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menduga parameter biologi dan dinamika populasi adalah melakukan pengukuran panjang karapas (cm) dan berat (gram) pada daerah sentra pendaratan udang karang yaitu di Pulau Salemo (Kab. Pangkep) dan di Kec.Tallo (Makassar) mulai bulan September 2014 sampai Bulan Agustus 2015.Penentuan selektifitas alat tangkap gillnet dilakukan selama 24 trip dengan melakukan uji coba penggunaan mata jaring 10,00 cm dan 12,50 cm dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia No. 1/PERMENKP/ 2015. Parameter biologi berupa hubungan panjang berat, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), panjang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc), dan panjang pertama kali matang gonad (Lm), Panjang rata-rata (Setyohadi, 2004). Identifikasi jenis udang karang dilakukan dengan menggunakan kunci identifikasi dari William. Pendugaan parameter populasi berupa kelompok umur dengan menggunakan Metode Bathacharya, parameter pertumbuhan (L∞, K, t0) dengan metode von Bertalanffy, laju mortalitas alami (M) berdasarkan metode Pauly (1980), laju mortalitas total (Z) dengan menggunakan Beverton dan Holt (1966), tingkat eksploitasi (E), yield per recruitment (Y/R), biomass per recruitment (B/R), predict stock (Sparre dan Venema, 1999).Analisis potensi stok udang karang dengan menggunakan model Schaefer (1954) dan Fox (1970) dan potensi stok cadangan lestari (Be) mengunakan model walter dan Wilborn (1992). Analisis selektifitas alat tangkap gillnet berdasarkan metode Holt (1963) untuk dua ukuran mata jaring (Sparre dan Venema, 1999). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia No. 1/PERMENxii KP/2015 tentang Penangkapan udang karang (Panulirus spp), Kepiting (Scylla spp.) dan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dilakukan metode survey dengan melakukan wawancara secara mendalam (FGD), (Halim, 2012). Ditemukan 3 jenis udang karang (lobster) di kepulauan Spermonde yaitu udang karang mutiara (P. ornatus), udang karang bambu (P. versicolor) dan udang karang batik (P. longipes) dengan komposisi terbanyak dijumpai adalah udang karang bambu. Udang karang hidup pada kondisi parameter abiotik dengan rata-rata suhu, salinitas, kedalaman, kecepatan arus, kondisi karang, pH yang masih dapat ditolerir. Status pemanfaatan dan potensi stok cadangan lestari (Be) sumberdaya udang karang bambu (P.versicolor) di Kepulauan Spermonde adalah perbandingan nilai Lc dan Lm udang karang maka status perikanan tergolong growth overfishing (Lc< Lm). Berdasarkan Criteria status perikanan model Schaefer (1957) dan model Fox (1970) pada tahun 2014 tergolong fullyexploited yaitu stok sumberdaya udang karang telah tereksploitasi sudah mendekati nilai MSY (maximum sustainable yield). Produksi tahun 2014 sebesar 143.324,88 kg sudah tereksploitasi mendekati MSY model Schaefer sebesar 144.560,81 kg dan MSY model Fox sebesar 164.180,71 kg. Tingkat Pemanfaatan (TP) udang karang selama 8 tahun terakhir telah belum melebihi tingkat pemanfaatan yang diperbolehkan (JTB) dan Tingkat Pengupayaan (TPU) selama 8 tahun terakhir telah melebihi tingkat upaya maksimum lestari (fJTB) udang karang yaitu dalam kondisi underexploited. Dua tahun terakhir menunjukkan Tingkat Pemanfaatan (TP) dan Tingkat Pengupayaan (TPU) dalam kondisi fullyexploited. Potensi stok cadangan lestari (Be) kondisi stok saat ini (Standing stok) udang karang di perairan Sulawesi selatan dengan menggunakan model Walter &hilborn (1992) adalah 545.175,98 kg/tahun. Simulasi model yang dikembangkan oleh Walter & Hilborn (1992), dinamika stok dengan batas trip/alat tangkap standar pada kondisi biomas open acces, sebesar 80.871 Kg, bila dbandingkan dengan potensi lestari pada tahun 2014 biomas udang karang saat ini tersisa hanya 56,42%. Ukuran mata jaring minimum yang terpilih untuk penangkapan udang karang yang sudah matang gonad di kepulauan spermonde adalah 6,20 cm. Pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan udang karang di Kepulauan Spermonde dapat di rekomendasikan adalah (1) Penutupan waktu penangkapan pada bulan Februari dan Mei; (2) Ukuran panjang karapas udang karang yang direkomendasikan lebih besar dari 11,27 cm (3) Berdasarkan model Fox (1970), jumlah tangkapan udang karang yang diperbolehkan(JTB) 80% dari nilai MSY,sebesar 160.424,53 kg/tahun dengan jumlah maksimum upaya penangkapan (fJTB) sebesar 72.715 trip dan Model Schaefer sebesar 144.560,81 kg/tahun dengan jumlah maksimum upaya penangkapan (fJTB) sebesar 44.683 trip. Pemahaman terhadap KEPMEN RI Nomor 1/PERMEN-KP/2015 oleh responden masih kurang karena belum efektifnya sosialisaasi pelaksanaan aturan tersebut yang mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah dan berat hasil tangkapan dari tahun ke tahun dan lokasi penangkapannya jauh dari fishing base. xiii Parameter aspek biologi udang karang bambu (P. versicolor) adalah Nisbah kelamin udang karang jantan dan betina adalah 0,60 : 0,40 (2:1) Hubungan panjang dan berat udang karang dapat digolongkan dalam pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif.Ukuran panjang udang karang pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) adalah 15,544 cm Ukuran udang karang bambu pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) sebesar 11,27 cm Ukuran panjang rata-rata (

English Abstract

Spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp) is one type of Indonesian marine fisheries resources potential and have long been captured by fishing on the coral reef. The Spiny lobsters is the one commodity that contributes to marine high enough on the beach or reef fishing activities, Although Spiny lobsters is a resource that can be restored, but without managing to seriously can lead to disruption of sustainability stock. The purpose of this study: (1) Obtain the bamboo Spiny lobsters population dynamics parameters (P. versicolor) on the area Spermonde Islands (2) To estimate the potential reserves and reserve potential sustainable catch the moment and (3) gain exposure to environmental factors abiotic waters effect on Spiny lobsters. The method used in estimating parameters of biology and population dynamics was to measure carapace length (cm) and weight (gram) in the central areas of Spiny lobsters base are on the Salemo island (Kab. Pangkep and in the district of Tallo (Makassar) started in September 2014 until August 2015. The determination of the fishing gear selectivity of gillnet conducted along 24 trips,by testing the use of mesh 4-inch and 5-inch and public perception towards the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia No.1/PERMEN-KP/2015. The biological parameters such as length-weight relationship, gonad maturity level (TKG), length of first captured (Lc), and the length of the first ripe gonads (Lm), average length (Setyohadi, 2004). Identify the type of Spiny lobsters specieswas done by using identification keys of William. Estimation of population parameters such as the age group using Bathacharya method, the growth parameters (L∞, K, t0) by von Bertalanffy method, the rate of natural mortality (M) based on the method of Pauly (1980), total mortality rate (Z) using Beverton and Holt (1966), the rate of exploitation (E), yield per recruitment (Y/R), biomass per recruitment (B/R), Predict stock (Sparre and Venema, 1999). Analysis of potential stock of Spiny lobsters using a model of Schaefer (1954) and Fox (1970) and the potential for sustainable stock of reserves (Be) using models Walter and Hilborn (1992). Gillnet fishing gear selectivity analysis based on methods of Holt (1963) for two mesh sizes (Sparre and Venema, 1999), Public perception of the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia No.1/PERMEN-KP/2015 on Catching Spiny lobsters (Panulirus spp), Crab (Scylla spp) and swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) xv conducted a survey method by conducting in-depth interviews (FGD), (Halim, 2012). Three species of Spiny lobsters were found in the archipelago Spermonde namely Spiny lobsters (P, ornatus), Bamboo Spiny lobsters (P, versicolor) and Batik Spiny lobsters (P, longipes) with the highest composition of Bamboo Spiny lobsters, Spiny lobsters live in conditions of abiotic parameters with an average temperature, salinity, depth, current speed, the condition of reefs, pH that can be tolerated. Status and potential utilization of stockpiles of sustainable (Be) resource Bamboo Spiny lobsters (P. versicolor) archipelago Spermonde value is Comparisons Lc and Lm Spiny lobsters fishery, the status of classified growth overfishing (Lc<Lm). Criteria based on the status of fisheries models Fox (1970) and Model Schaefer (1957) in 2014 classified as fullyexploited ie the stock of bamboo spiny lobster has been exploited beyond MSY. Production in 2014 amounted to 143.324,88 kg has been exploited beyond MSY Schaefer for 144.560,81 kg and MSY Fox of 164.180,71 kg. Utilization Rate (TP) spiny lobster during the last 8 years has exceeded the permissible level of utilization (JTB) and the level of effort for (TPU) over the last 2 years have exceeded the maximum sustainable level of effort (fJTB) bamboo spiny lobster that is in a state of fullyexploited. Potential stock of reserves sustainable (Be) the condition of the stock today (Standing stock) spiny lobster in waters off south of Sulawesi using models Walter & hilborn (1992) is 545.175,98 kg/year. simulation model developed by Walter & Hilborn (1992), the dynamics of the stock with a limit trip/fishing gear is standard on biomass open access conditions, amounting to 80.871 kg, so compared to the potential for sustainable biomass in 2014 spiny lobster is now remaining only 56,42%. The minimum mesh size selected for catching spiny lobster ripe gonads in Spermonde Islands is 6,20 cm. Management of fisheries resources in the islands Spermonde bamboo spiny lobster can recommend is (1) Closing time arrests in February and May; (2) Size carapace length spiny lobster recommended to have a size larger than 11.27 cm (3) Based on the model of Fox (1970), the number of allowable catches bamboo spiny lobster (JTB) 80% of the value of MSY, amounting to 160.424,53 kg/year with a maximum amount of fishing effort (fJTB) amounted to 72.715 trip and Model Schaefer trip of 144.560,81 kg/year with a maximum amount of fishing effort (fJTB) amounted to 44.683 trip. The understanding of the KEPMEN No.1/PERMEN-KP/2015 by the respondent is still lacking because of the ineffectiveness of sosialisaasi of implementation resulting decrease in the number and weight of the catch from year to year and location of his arrest away from the fishing base. Biological aspects parameter of bamboo spiny lobsters (P. versicolor) is a sex ratio of male and female Spiny lobsters is 0,60 : 0,40 (2:1). The length-weight relationship of Spiny lobsters can be classified in a negative allometric growth patterns, Length of Spiny lobsters at first ripe gonads (Lm) is 15,54 cm size bamboo spiny lobsters were first captured (Lc) 11,27 cm average length (L ̅) caught by 10,17 cm. xvi Aspects of population dynamics parameter of bamboo spiny lobsters (P, versicolor) is the maximum carapace length (L∞) is 20.37 cm, the growth coefficient (K) was 0,89 per year and (age Spiny lobsters current theoritical length equals zero) is -0,15 total mortality rate (Z) was 2,55/year, natural mortality rate (M) was 1,86/ year and mortality arrests (F) was 0,69/year and the rate of exploitation (E) bamboo Spiny lobsters is underfishing with E value of 0,27/year, Recruitment occurs two times a year, with a percentage of the highest recruitment occurred in February (20,65%) and May (13,58%). The results of the analysis of Y'/R on the current state value Lc (11,27cm), the maximum exploitation rate (Emax) is Y'/R is a maximum of 0,808/year with a value of Y/R is maximum (relative MSY) amounted to 0,062, The rate of exploitation in the E-10 of 0,651/year with a value of Y'/R of 0,059 and the rate of exploitation on the E-50 of 0,379/year with a value of Y/R of 0,03, Biomass per new additions during Emax, is 0,11 or 11,00% of total virgin biomass (Bv, the initial biomass is biomass if there is no fishing activities) and B'/R when E-10 0,23 or 23% of the total virgin biomass. Simulation of yield per a relatively new addition (Y'/R) and biomass per new additions relative (B'/R), found that the relative MSY is obtained when the value of Lc = 12,75 cm and E values of 0,95/year. The reef converage, temperature, salinity current velocity, depth was not significantly influenced on total catch ; howere pH and transparancy of water were influenced significantly. The results of the study suggested that further research is needed on aspects of the biology and population dynamics of pearl spiny lobster and batik spiny lobsters need further studies of other aquatic abiotic factors such as seasons (dry and wet), and the spread of Spiny lobsters by depth. Sustainability management of Spiny lobsters research is needed on the economic, institutionaland social aspects. Closed time fishing catch of Spiny lobsters was conducted in February and May, Bamboo spiny lobsters were first captured (Lc) should be larger than the size of a carapace length of 11.27 cm.The best optimum value on the results simulation per relatively new addition (Y'/R) and biomass per relatively new addition (B'/R) with the change in value of the exploitation rate (E) on the C value of 0.57 or on the value of Lc = 12.75 cm

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctor)
Identification Number:	DIS/333.955 58/HAS/d/2017/061708238
Uncontrolled Keywords:	SHRIMP POPULATIONS, PANULIRUS, INDONESIA - SULAWESI SELATAN
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.9 Other natural resources > 333.95 Biological resources > 333.954 Animals > 333.954 2 Rare and endangered animals > 333.955 58 Specific kinds of crustaceans
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	18 Sep 2017 03:13
Last Modified:	01 Nov 2020 09:05
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/2617

	Text BAGIAN DEPAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (9MB)
	Text 2. BAB. I . PENDAHULUAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (53kB)
	Text 3. BAB. II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (9MB)
	Text 4. BAB. III. KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL, OPERASIONAL, HIPOTESIS.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 5. BAB. IV. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (11MB)
	Text 6. BAB. V. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (42MB)
	Text 7. BAB.VI. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 8. DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (2MB)

Actions (login required)

View Item