Lestari, Juniarti Wulan (2017) Kelayakan Dan Adopsi Usahatani Konservasi Sayuran Dataran Tinggi. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Degradasi lahan merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan yang paling nyata di daerah perbukitan yang miring. Erosi tanah oleh air merupakan masalah lingkungan utama di negara-negara berkembang pada khususnya. Erosi tanah memiliki efek di tempat dan di luar lokasi. Efek di tempat yang paling penting adalah penurunan kesuburan tanah akibat hilangnya bahan organik dan nutrisi, pengurangan kedalaman topsoil, dan penurunan kapasitas menahan air di tanah. Kualitas lahan di banyak daerah telah menurun drastis. Praktek pertanian erosive sering disebut sebagai salah satu penyebab utama erosi tanah. Pertanian sayuran di daerah lereng secara ekonomi menguntungkan, namun secara ekologis, usahatani sayuran di daerah lereng tanpa mengaplikasikan konservasi mempercepat erosi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan: menganalisis kelayakan fisik dengan mengukur tingkat erosi dan tingkat kehilangan nutrisi pada budidaya sayuran konservasi, untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial usahatani sayuran konservasi, untuk menentukan pengetahuan petani dan faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi petani terhadap konservasi usahatani sayuran. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sumberbrantas dan Desa Tulungrejo, di Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu yang merupakan bagian atas DAS Brantas. Studi ini mengukur kehilangan tanah, bahan organik C dan N, penggantian biaya erosi tanah alternatif budidaya sayuran konservasi oleh petani dataran tinggi. Kelayakan finansial budidaya sayuran konservasi dihitung dengan kriteria NPV. Dalam penelitian ini, tingkat diskonto 12% dipilih untuk perhitungan NPV. Pengukuran pengetahuan petani dan tingkat adopsi dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Tingkat pengetahuan petani dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif. Model logit dengan menggunakan variabel dummy diterapkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi konservasi usahatani sayuran konservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kehilangan tanah pada sayuran non konservasi (brokoli) bertani 54,76 ton / ha / th. Jumlah ini merupakan jumlah tertinggi dibandingkan dengan pertanian tanpa tumpangsari + pertanian petani (brokoli) per tahun xi 42,38 ton / ha / th, pertanaman tumpangsari pertanian 1 tahun + sayuran (brokoli) 21,16 ton / ha / th, kontur budidaya sayuran 24.47 dan pertanian 10 agung 0.64 ton / ha / th. Kehilangan C-organik dan N pada lahan pertanian apel adalah yang terendah. Kondisi ini berdampak pada biaya mengganti nutrisi yang hilang yang rendah. Analisis kelayakan ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa NPV budidaya sayuran konservasi, usahatani sayuran non-konservasi dan usahatani tumpang sari tanaman sayuran dan april adalah Rp 1.251.440.873,01, Rp 826.651.798,30; Rp 434.995.121.59. Dari total 63 responden, persentase petani yang mengetahui bagaimana melestarikan lahan, memahami usaha konservasi, dan menyadari pentingnya konservasi sebesar 39,68%, 36,51%, dan 26,98%. Petani yang mengadopsi pertanian konservasi 20,63%. Famers yang menguasai 8 indikator tersebut adalah mereka yang berpengetahuan luas. Di sisi lain, responden yang menguasai 4 sampai 7 indikator memiliki kesempatan untuk memiliki pengetahuan yang luas. Variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan (p <20%) adopsi konservasi usahatani adalah: penyuluhan pertanian konservasi, melihat petak demonstrasi, lahan menjadi lahan demonstrasi, kemiringan lahan, status kepemilikan lahan, pengetahuan tentang pentingnya konservasi, pengetahuan tentang pertanian konservasi praktik, pengetahuan tentang pertanian konservasi, pendidikan formal, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan perluasan konservasi lahan.
English Abstract
Land degradation is one of the most significant environmental problems in the sloping hilly areas . Soil erosion by water is a major environmental problem in the developing countries in particular. Soil erosion has both on-site and off-site effects. The most important on-site effect is a decline in soil fertility due to loss of organic matter and nutrients, reduction of topsoil depth, and decrease in the water-holding capacity of the soil. The quality of land in many areas has declined severely. Erosive farming practice is often cited as one of the main causes of soil erosion. Vegetable farming on the slope area without applying conservation is economically beneficial, but ecologically, accelerates erosion. Therefore, this research aims: to analyses physical feasibility by measuring the extent of erosion and nutrient loss rate on conservation vegetable farming, to analyse the financial feasibility of conservation vegetable farming, to determine the famers knowledge and factors affecting farmers adoption of conservation vegetable farming. The research was conducted in Sumberbrantas Village and Tulungrejo Village, in Bumiaji Distric, Batu City which is upper of Watershed Brantas. This study measured soil loss, Organic matter C and N, the replacement cost of soil erosion of conservation vegetable farming alternatives by upland farmers. The financial feasibility of conservation vegetable farming is calculated by NPV criteria. In this study, a discount rate of 12% was chosen for the calculation of the NPV. Measurement of farmers knowledge and adoption level using questionnaire instrument. The farmers knowledge extent was analysed by a descriptive methode. The logit model using dummy variable was applied to determine factors affecting famers adoption of conservation vegetable farming. The results of the research indicate that the extent of soil loss in non conservation vegetable (brokoli) farming 54.76 ton/ha/th. It is the highest number compared to non- conservation intercropping aple 1year+ vegetable (brokoli) farming 42.38 ton/ha/th, conservation intercropping aple 1year+ vegetable (brokoli) farming 21.16 ton/ha/th , contour vegetable farming 24.47and aple 10th farming 0.64 ton/ha/th. The loss of C-organic and N total on the apple farming land is the lowest,. These conditions have an impact on the cost of replacing missing nutrients is low. The economic feasibility analysis shows that NPV of conservation vegetable farming, non- xiii conservation vegetable farming and intercropping farming of vegetable and aple crops are Rp 1.251.440.873,01, Rp 826.651.798,30; Rp 434.995.121,59 respectively. From the total of 63 respondents, the percentage of farmers who knew how to conserve a land, understood the conservation farming, and were aware of the importance of conservation were, 39.68%, 36,51%, and 26,98%. respectively Farmers adopting the conservation farming were 20,63%. Famers mastering the 8 indicators were those who were highly knowledgeable. On the other hand, respondents who master 4 to 7 indicators have an opportunity to be highly knowledgeable. Variables that significantly influence (p< 20%) conservation farming adoption are: conservation farming extension, see terraces demonstratio plot, the land becomes demonstratio plot, the slope of land, Land tenure status, knowledge of the importance of conservation, knowledge of conservation farming practices, knowledge on conservation farming, formal education, number of family members, and extension of land conservation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DIS/635/LES/k/2017/061708237 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | VEGETABLE FARMING, TRUCK FARMING, SOIL CONSERVATION |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) |
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Sep 2017 03:01 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Dec 2020 11:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/2612 |
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