Wahyudi, M. Iwan and Prof. Dr. Ir. Agus Suryanto, MS and Prof.Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto, M.Sc.,Ph.D and Yogi Sugito, Prof. Dr. Ir. (2025) Modifikasi Tata Letak Tanam dan Manajemen Nutrisi Berbasis Si untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Konversi Energi Matahari dan Hasil Panen Jagung (Zea mays L.). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan hasil panen jagung melalui optimalisasi Efisiensi Konversi Energi Matahari (EKE) dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi tata letak tanam, pemilihan varietas adaptif, dan manajemen nutrisi terpadu berbasis silikon (Si). Hasil panen jagung nasional baik ditingkat petani maupun peneliti masih di bawah potensi hasil disebabkan efisiensi fotosintesis yang rendah akibat intersepsi dan absorpsi sinar matahari belum optimal. Kondisi tersebut berkaitan dengan nilai EKE yang ditentukan faktor genetik berupa struktur kanopi dan karakter morfo-fisiologi tanaman, serta faktor lingkungan terutama cahaya matahari yang bisa di modifikasi melalui pola tata letak tanam dan manajemen nutrisi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Sukorambi, Kabupaten Jember, terdiri atas tiga tahap percobaan meliputi varietas hibrida dan komposit yang diuji dengan beberapa tata letak tanam di musim penghujan dan kemarau, selanjutnya varietas hibrida terbaik saat penghujan dan komposit di uji dengan sistem pemupukan pada percobaan ketiga (penghujan) dengan tata letak tanam terbaik dimusim tersebut. Rancangan percobaan berupa rancangan petak terbagi dan dianalisis dengan anova, uji lanjut, analisis gabungan, regresi dan korelasi, serta PCA. Parameter pengamatan meliputi parameter pertumbuhan, distribusi cahaya, dan hasil panen untuk mengidentifikasi kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan hasil panen jagung. Modifikasi tata letak tanam DR (Double Row), PPS (Persegi Panjang Solid), dan ZGZ (Zig-zag) menghasilkan EKE lebih tinggi dibanding SR (Single Row) dimusim penghujan, sedangkan varietas P5027 menunjukkan performa terbaik dalam parameter sudut daun, tinggi tanaman, orientasi daun, dan LDS (Luas Daun Spesifik) di kedua musim. Tata letak DR, PPS, dan ZGZ memberikan tingkat efisiensi penggunaan energi tertangkap dan terserap (Epi dan Epa) yang lebih tinggi, terutama pada musim kemarau untuk ZGZ, saat penghujan DR, dan PPS pada kedua musim. Efisiensi ini berkorelasi dengan peningkatan berat kering tanaman dan hasil panen. Hubungan positif antara EKE dengan pertumbuhan tanaman ditunjukkan oleh laju pertumbuhan (CGR) dan efisiensi fotosintesis (NAR). Implementasi sistem pemupukan Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) berbasis silikon (Si), INM, dan Si meningkatkan serapan nutrisi penting seperti N dan P yang berpengaruh terhadap ILD, EKE, dan berat kering tanaman, serta hasil panen. Hasil panen dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara tata letak tanam dan varietas dimana HJ21 yang ditanam dengan ZGZ dan PPS mendapatkan hasil panen lebih tinggi (11,15 dan 11,18 t.ha-1) dimusim kemarau, sedangkan P5027 secara mandiri menunjukkan hasil panen tertinggi mencapai 11,6 t/ha di penghujan. Meskipun EKE hanya berkontribusi kecil terhadap hasil panen, percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi antara tata letak tanam, karakter morfo-fisiologi genetis tanaman, dan sistem pemupukan INM+Si, INM, dan Si dapat meningkatkan EKE dan hasil panen tanaman secara keseluruhan dengan pencapaian antara 12,01- 13,43 t/ha. Kebaharuan yang didapatkan yaitu didapatkan kultur teknis berupa model tata letak tanam PPS yang potensial meningkatkan EKE, pertumbuhan dan hasil panen pada musim penghujan dan kemarau, didapatkan karekteristik varietas yang adaptif terhadap perubahan intensitas cahaya lintas musim, dan didapatkan teknologi sistem pemupukan INM berbasis Si untuk peningkatan hasil panen jagung
English Abstract
This research aims to increase maize yields through optimizing the efficiency of Solar Energy Conversion (SECE) by utilizing modification of planting layout, selection of adaptive varieties, and integrated nutrient management based on silicon (Si). National maize yields at both farmer and researcher levels are still below potential yields due to low photosynthetic efficiency resulting from suboptimal sunlight interception and absorption. This condition is related to the value of SECE which is determined by genetic factors in the form of canopy structure and morpho-physiological characteristics of plants, as well as environmental factors, especially sunlight, which can be modified through planting layout patterns and nutrient management. The experiment was carried out in Sukorambi Village, Jember Regency, consisting of three experimental stages including hybrid and composite varieties tested with several planting layouts in the rainy and dry seasons, then the best hybrid varieties during the rainy season and composites were tested with fertilization systems in the third experiment (rainy season) with the best planting layout in that season. The experimental design was a divided plot design and analyzed by anova, further tests, combined analysis, regression and correlation, and PCA. Observation parameters included growth parameters, light distribution, and yield to identify the best treatment combination in increasing corn yield. Modified planting layouts of DR (Double Row), PPS (Solid Rectangle), and ZGZ (Zig-zag) produced higher SECE than SR (Single Row) in the rainy season, while variety P5027 showed the best performance in leaf angle, plant height, leaf orientation, and SLA (Specific Leaf Area) parameters in both seasons. The DR, PPS, and ZGZ layouts provided higher level of efficiency of energy use captured and absorbed (Eeuc and Eeua), especially in the dry season for ZGZ, in the rainy season for DR, and PPS in both seasons. This efficiency correlated with increased plant dry weight and yield. The positive relationship between SECE and plant growth is indicated by growth rate (CGR) and photosynthetic efficiency (NAR). Implementation of silicon (Si)-based Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), INM, and Si fertilization systems increased uptake of essential nutrients such as N and P, which affected LAI, SECE, and plant dry weight, as well as yield. Yield was influenced by the interaction between planting layout and variety where HJ21 planted with ZGZ and PPS had higher yields (11.15 and 11.18 t.ha-1) in the dry season, while P5027 on its own showed the highest yield of 11.6 t/ha in the rainy season. Although SECE contributed little to yield, the experiment showed that a combination of planting layout, genetic morpho-physiological characteristics of the plants, and INM+Si, INM, and Si fertilization systems could increase SECE and overall crop yields to between 12.01-13.43 t/ha. The novelty obtained is the technical culture obtained in the form of a PPS planting layout model that has the potential to increase SECE, growth and yield in the rainy and dry seasons, obtained variety characteristics that are adaptive to changes in light intensity across seasons, and obtained Si-based INM fertilization system technology to increase corn yield.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 042504 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Agronomi, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | S Sucipto |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Mar 2025 02:45 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Mar 2025 02:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/237967 |
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