SEDEUR NALLE, IDHO (2024) erlindungan Hukum Untuk Kreditor Dalam Kepailitan Lintas Batas Negara (Cross Border Insolvency). Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang berperan cukup aktif dalam transaksi bisnis transnasional, tidak bisa terhindar dari berbagai permasalahan yang muncul seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan hubungan perekonomian dan perdagangan transnasional. Dalam transaksi bisnis transnasional sangat dimungkinkan pelaku usaha baik perorangan maupun badan hukum mempunyai aset dan utang piutang lintas batas negara. Kepailitan lintas batas negara (Cross Border Insolvency-CBI) meliputi debitor asing, kreditor asing, asset pailit yang berbeda di luar negeri dan/atau asset yang dimiliki orang asing yang tunduk pada hukum asing. Ketidaklengkapan ketentuan Internasional sebagaimana diatur pada Pasal 212, Pasal 213, dan Pasal 214 UU Kepailitan dan PKPU telah menyababkan ketidakpastian hukum sisi karena tidak bisa diterapkan untuk menyelesaikan CBI. Disi lain pada saat yang sama juga tidak memberikan keadilan bagi kreditor dalam CBI karena tidak dapat menjadi landasan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum prefentif dan represif bagi kreditor dalam CBI atas asset debitor yang berada di luar negeri. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam disertasi, yaitu: Pertama, Bagaimana perlindungan hukum untuk kreditur dalam kepailitan lintas batas negara berdasarkan ketentuan yang diatur dalam UU RI No. 37 tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang? Kedua, Apa implikasi yuridis ketentuan hukum internasional yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang terhadap perlindungan untuk kreditor dalam kepailitan lintas batas negara? Terhadap permasalahan tersebut dilakukan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan filosofis (philosophy approach), pendekatan sejarah (historical approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum (law comparative approach). Berdasarkan temuan penelitian didapatkan jawaban masalah. Pertama, Perlindungan Hukum Untuk Kreditur Dalam Kepailitan Lintas Batas Negara (Cross Border Insolvency) Menurut Uu No. 37 Tahun 2004 adalah melalui sita umum dengan menggunakan metode terstruktur dan spesifik dengan menggunakan asas teritorialitas dan asas universalitas. Melalui sita umum, kurator dapat melindungi kreditur dengan mencegah debitor melakukan tindakan yang merugikan aset pailit. Kewenangan kurator dalam konteks kepailitan lintas batas sangat penting untuk memastikan proses penyelesaian kepailitan berjalan efektif dan efisien, terutama ketika debitur memiliki aset lebih dari satu negara. Kedua, implikasi yuridis ketentuan hukum internasional yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang terhadap perlindungan untuk kreditor dalam kepailitan lintas batas negara adalah Terjadinya ketidaklengkapan norma dalam mengatur hak-hak kreditor dalam kepailitan lintas batas. Adapun ketidaklengkapan norma menimbulkan 1) implikasi filsafat adalah tidakviii
English Abstract
Indonesia as one of the countries that plays a fairly active role in transnational business transactions, cannot avoid various problems that arise along with the rapid development of transnational economic and trade relations. In transnational business transactions, it is very possible for business actors, both individuals and legal entities, to have assets and debts across borders. Crossborder bankruptcy (CBI) includes foreign debtors, foreign creditors, different bankrupt assets abroad and/or assets owned by foreigners who are subject to foreign law. The incompleteness of international provisions as regulated in Article 212, Article 213, and Article 214 of the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law has caused legal uncertainty because it cannot be applied to resolve CBI. On the other hand, at the same time it also does not provide justice for creditors in CBI because it cannot be a basis for providing preventive and repressive legal protection for creditors in CBI for debtor assets located abroad. The problems studied in the dissertation are: First, How is the legal protection for creditors in cross-border bankruptcy based on the provisions stipulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations? Second, What are the legal implications of the provisions of international law stipulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations on the protection of creditors in cross-border Insolvency? In response to these problems, legal research was conducted using a philosophical approach, a historical approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative law approach. Based on the research findings, the answer to the problem was obtained. First, Legal Protection for Creditors in Cross-Border Bankruptcy According to Law No. 37 of 2004 is through general seizure using structured and specific methods using the principle of territoriality and the principle of universality. Through general seizure, the curator can protect creditors by preventing the debtor from taking actions that are detrimental to bankrupt assets. The authority of the curator in the context of cross-border bankruptcy is very important to ensure that the bankruptcy resolution process runs effectively and efficiently, especially when the debtor has assets in more than one country. Second,The legal implications of the provisions of international law regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations regarding protection for creditors in cross-border bankruptcy are:incompletenessnorms in regulating creditor rights in cross-border bankruptcy. The incompleteness of the norms gives rise to 1) implicationsphilosophyis the failure to enforce bankruptcy law, resulting in injustice for creditors 2) theoretical implications, the concept of universalism is not reflected 3) economic implications, creditors do not receive their rights to the maximum as the injured party.The legal protection of creditors in cross-border insolvency is (1) In principle, by internalizing the UNCITRAL Modelx Law on Cross Border Insolvency with Guide to Enactment in Chapter I Article 1 (1), Chapter II Articles 12, 13 (1), Chapter III Articles 15, 19, Chapter IV Articles 25, 26 and 27, Chapter V Article 31 as a solution to overcome cross-border insolvency in Chapter X of the Bankruptcy & PKPU Law and making bilateral and multilateral agreements (binding power concepts) between countries regarding the regulation of cross-border insolvency. (2) In terms of implementation, forming a Special Secretariat for Cross-Border Bankruptcy at the Commercial Court.(Identifying the recognition and implementation of cross-border insolvency). Based on the discussion above, several recommendations can be found that support the basic framework of thought contained in this writing, namely: (1) It is time for the DPR and DPD RI and the Government to create laws and regulations that are able to provide protection guarantees for creditors in cross-border insolvency by revising the Bankruptcy & PKPU Law which in substance is able to synchronize and harmonize the Uncitral Model Law on Cross Border Insolvency With Guide to Enactment, especially regarding Chapter I Article 1 (1), Chapter II Articles 12, 13 (1), Chapter III Articles 15, 19, Chapter IV Articles 25, 26 and 27 and Chapter V Article 31. In addition, the Government can enter into bilateral and multilateral agreements (binding power concepts) between countries regarding cross-border insolvency regulations regarding cooperation that contains general principles, coordination relations between courts in the execution of cross-border bankruptcy bodies. Another effort is to revise the Herzien Inlandsch Reglement (HIR) and also the Reglement Verordering (RV) which are substantially in line with the revision of the Bankruptcy & PKPU Law. (2)Supreme Court, Commercial Court and Curator Organization. For the Supreme Court, as the parent of the judicial body, it is expected to immediately compile technical instructions through the Supreme Court Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia to regulate CBI guidelines and strengthen the authority of the curator in CBI, and require Commercial Court Judges and Curator Organizations to conduct cross-border insolvency certification training. For commercial courts, the availability of alternative space, both technical and non-technical, for resolving cross-border bankruptcy through the Special Chamber Secretariat. For the Curator Organization, it is expected to compile together with legislative institutions to carry out legal strategies that can be taken in executing and/or assets of bankrupt debtors abroad in the context of management and settlement, (providing maximum legal protection to creditors, and implementing cross-border insolvency certification training). (3) For academics who develop bankruptcy law, it is expected to be able to collaborate to actively participate in improving/developing research, studies, and formulating aspects of legal instruments applicable in bankruptcy. These activities will later be used as active participation in the formulation of cross-border bankruptcy policies.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052401 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Annisti Nurul F |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Feb 2025 08:42 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Feb 2025 08:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/237377 |
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