Tata Kelola Zona Tradisional dan Zona Religi Dalam Kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru Berbasis Masyarakat Hukum Adat

Pratiwi, Shrimanti Indira and Prof. Dr. I Nyoman Nurjaya, S.H., M.S. and Prof. Dr. Imam Koeswahyono, S.H., M.Hum. and Dr. Djumikasih, S.H., M.H. (2024) Tata Kelola Zona Tradisional dan Zona Religi Dalam Kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru Berbasis Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Masyarakat hukum adat Tengger telah menempati kawasan pegunungan Tengger dan mampu menata dirinya jauh sebelum terbentuknya hukum negara. Problematika timbul ketika pemerintah menetapkan kawasan pegunungan Tengger menjadi Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru dan membaginya dengan sistem zonasi. Fokus penelitian ini berkaitan dengan hak atas ruang hidup masyarakat hukum adat Tengger yang diatur melalui zona tradisional dan zona religi oleh Balai Besar Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru. Ketiadaan luas zona tradisional dalam kawasan dan luas zona religi yang sangat kecil secara nyata telah mengesampingkan hak tradisional masyarakat hukum adat Tengger. Berdasarkan problematika diatas, maka dirumuskan tiga pertanyaan penelitian disertasi yaitu pertama, apa hakikat tata kelola zona tradisional dan zona religi dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru berbasis masyarakat hukum adat?. Kedua, bagaimana wujud pelibatan masyarakat hukum adat Tengger dalam tata kelola zona tradisional dan zona religi di kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru?. Ketiga, bagaimana tata Kelola zona tradisional dan zona religi dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru yang mencerminkan keadilan, berkelanjutan?. Terhadap pertanyaan tersebut dilakukan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dan yuridis antropologis. Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian, didapatkan jawaban permasalahan pertama: makna hakikat tata kelola zona tradisional dan zona religi tidak dapat dilihat hanya dari aspek ekonomi saja sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh Balai Besar Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, melainkan juga harus dilihat dari aspek budaya dan religi masyarakat hukum adat Tengger yang telah mendiami kawasan pegunungan Tengger sejak ribuan tahun silam. Zona tradisional dan zona religi sangat terkait dengan ruang hidup masyarakat hukum adat Tengger sehingga makna tata kelola harus ditinjau berdasarkan asas-asas hukum dan nilai-nilai yang berkembang dalam Masyarakat hukum adat Tengger. Kedua, wujud pelibatan masyarakat adat Tengger dalam tata kelola zona tradisional dan zona religi di kawasan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru masih bersifat semu. Ketiga, tata Kelola zona religi dan zona tradisional dapat mencerminkan keadilan dan keberlanjutan apabila dari pihak Balai Besar Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru dalam mengelola Taman Nasional merubah paradigma, semula State Based Resources Management menjadi Community Based Resources Management. Solusi atas tata kelola taman nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru yang berkeadilan, berkelanjutan dan berbasis masyarakat hukum adat adalah dengan mengesahkan rancangan undang-undang yang mengatur pengakuan, penghormatan dan perlindungan masyarakat hukum adat.

English Abstract

Tengger costumary law community have occupied Tengger mountain area and were able to organize themselves long before the formation of the state law. Problems occur when the government designated the Tengger mountain area as Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park and divided it with a zoning system. The focus of this research is related to the right of the living space of Tengger indigenous people which is regulated through traditional zone and religious zone by Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park office. The absence of large traditional zone in the region and the very small size of the religious zone have significantly overridden the traditional rights of Tengger costumary law community. Based on above problems, three dissertation research questions were formulated, which are first, what is the essence of the governance of traditional zone and religious zone in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park area based on costumary law communities? Second, how does the involvement of the Tengger indigenous people in the governance of traditional zone and religious zone in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park area?, Third, how is the governance of traditional zone and religious zone in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park area that reflects justice and sustainability? Empirical yuridical law research was carried out on these questions with sociological juridical and anthropological juridical approaches. Based on the findings of the research, the answer to the first problem was obtained: the meaning of the essence of the governance of traditional zone and religious zone cannot be seen only from the economic aspect as determined by the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park office, bust must also be seen from the cultural and religious aspects of Tengger indigenous people who have inhabited the Tengger mountainous area since thousands of years ago. Traditional zone and religious zone are closely related to the living space of Tengger indigenous people, so the meaning of the governance must be reviewed based on legal principles and values that developed in the Tengger costumary law community. Second, the form of involvement of Tengger indigenous people in governance of traditional zone and religious zone in Bromo Tengger Semeru are still pseudo-in nature. Third, the governance of religious zone and traditional zone can reflect justice and sustainability if the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park office in managing the national park area changes the paradigm, which are originally the State Based Resources Management to the Community Based Resources Management. The solution to the governance of national park that is fair, sustainable, and based on costumary law communities is by ratifying a draft law that regulates the recognition, respect and protection of the costumary law community.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Identification Number:	0624010008
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	17 Feb 2025 07:15
Last Modified:	17 Feb 2025 07:15
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/236827

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