Rahmat Aditia, Andiko (2025) Eksplorasi dan Keanekaragaman Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Tanduk Rusa (Platycerium superbum de Jonch. & Hennipman) serta Potensinya Sebagai Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bakteri endofit merupakan mikroorganisme yang hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa menyebabkan kerusakan atau gejala penyakit pada inangnya. Salah satu tanaman yang diduga mempunyai bakteri endofit yaitu tanaman tanduk rusa (Platycerium superbum). Keunikan P. superbum pada frond-nya yang besar dan lebar dapat mencapai 1 meter, berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan bahan organik dan menyediakan nutrisi bagi tanaman. Bakteri endofit memiliki potensi sebagai PGPB melalui mekanisme seperti induksi ketahanan sistemik, produksi fitohormon, pelarutan fosfat, dan penambatan nitrogen. Berdasarkan kemampuan unik P. superbum dalam memperoleh nutrisi tanpa merugikan inangnya, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi bakteri endofit dari akarnya dan mengidentifikasi isolat dengan potensi sebagai Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2024 hingga Desember 2024. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan 1 yang terletak di Gedung Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, untuk proses isolasi, identifikasi, dan pengujian bakteri endofit. Sementara, pengambilan sampel akar tanaman P. superbum dilakukan di Kebun Lily Harvest yang beralamat di Jalan Raya Punten, Desa Punten, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu isolasi bakteri, purifikasi, preservasi, uji hipersensitif dan antagonis, uji cekaman dan uji aktifitas biologi PGPB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 17 isolat bakteri endofit yang diperoleh dari akar P. superbum. Kelimpahan tertinggi ditemukan pada isolat dengan kode PS14, yang memiliki nilai 2,5 × 106 CFU/mL. Indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan kategori sedang, dan indeks dominansi berada pada tingkat rendah. Dari 17 isolat, enam isolat (PS18, PS4, PS7, PS9, PS14, dan PS20) menunjukkan kemampuan menghambat patogen Xanthomonas campestris (uji antagonisme), menambat nitrogen, melarutkan fosfat, dan tahan terhadap cekaman (suhu, pH, salinitas, dan kekeringan). Empat dari isolat tersebut adalah bakteri gram negatif bersifat anaerob (PS7 dan PS14) maupun aerob-anaerob (PS18 dan PS9), sedangkan dua lainnya (PS4 dan PS20) merupakan bakteri gram positif dan hanya satu (PS20) terdapat endospora. Pengujian toleransi cekaman lingkungan menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat dapat tumbuh pada cekaman kering 5% dan 10% (kecuali PS4 dan PS7), salinitas 5% dan 10% (kecuali PS14), pH 5 (kecuali PS9) hingga pH 6, dan suhu 40°C–50°C. Uji produksi IAA menunjukkan bahwa empat isolat, yaitu PS4, PS9, PS14 dan PS20, mampu menghasilkan fitohormon yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna menjadi merah muda hingga kemerahan.
English Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that live in plant tissues without causing damage or disease symptoms in their hosts. One of the plants suspected of having endophytic bacteria is the deer antler plant (Platycerium superbum). The uniqueness of P. superbum in its large and wide fronds can reach 1 meter, functioning to collect organic matter and provide nutrients for plants. Endophytic bacteria have potential as PGPB through mechanisms such as systemic resistance induction, phytohormone production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixing. Based on P. superbum's unique ability to obtain nutrients without harming its host, this study was conducted to explore endophytic bacteria from its roots and identify isolates with potential as (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria) PGPB. The research was conducted from August 2024 to December 2024. The research location was at the Plant Disease Laboratory 1 located in the Plant Pests and Diseases Building, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, for the process of isolation, identification, and testing of endophytic bacteria. Meanwhile, root sampling of P. superbum plants was carried out at the Lily Harvest Garden located at Jalan Raya Punten, Punten Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. The results showed the presence of 17 isolates of endophytic bacteria obtained from the roots of P. superbum. The highest abundance was found in the isolate with the code PS14, which had a value of 2.5 × 106 CFU/mL. Diversity and uniformity indices of isolates showed moderate and high categories, while the dominance index was at a low level. Of the 17 isolates, six isolates (PS18, PS4, PS7, PS9, PS14, and PS20) showed the ability to inhibit the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris (uji antagonisme), fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphate, and resist stress (temperature, pH, salinity, and drought). Four of the isolates are gram-negative bacteria that are anaerobic (PS7 and PS14) or aerobic-anaerobic (PS18 and PS9), while the other two (PS4 and PS20) are gram-positive bacteria and only one (PS20) has endospores. Environmental stress tolerance testing showed that all isolates can grow at 5% and 10% dry stress (except PS4 and PS7), 5% and 10% salinity (except PS14), pH 5 (except PS9) to pH 6, and temperature 40°C-50°C. At 60°C all bacteria could not grow. IAA production test showed that four isolates, namely PS4, PS9, PS14 and PS20, were able to produce phytohormones marked by a change in color to pink to reddish. These results indicate the potential of P. superbum endophytic bacterial isolates as PGPB to support sustainable agriculture.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052504 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Annisti Nurul F |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jan 2025 08:46 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jan 2025 08:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/234805 |
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