Pengaruh Pemberian Inhibitor Urea Terhadap Ketersediaan N Tanah, Serapan N, Serta Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

Rochimah Nurul Azizah, Ainur (2024) Pengaruh Pemberian Inhibitor Urea Terhadap Ketersediaan N Tanah, Serapan N, Serta Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Produksi Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanaman jagung (Zea mays saccharata S.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan sumber karbohidrat selain beras, namun aplikasi pupuk tidak selalu efektif diserap oleh tanaman. Kurang efektifnya pemupukan yang dilakukan menyebabkan penurunan produksi jagung. Pupuk nitrogen merupakan kunci utama dalam usaha meningkatkan produksi jagung. Kekurangan N atau adanya gangguan metabolisme N pada kisaran waktu tertentu akan membatasi ukuran tongkol. Terdapat tiga penyebab hilangnya nitrogen dari tanah yaitu karena tercuci bersama air drainase, penguapan, dan diserap oleh tanaman. Oleh karena itu, untuk memperoleh produksi tongkol yang tinggi unsur hara N harus tersedia dengan cukup selama fase pertumbuhannya. Urea inhibitor atau bisa disebut dengan nitrogen stabilizer merupakan inhibitor yang dapat memperlambat hidrolisis urea dan mengurangi penguapan NH3+ dan menurunnya pencucian nitrat (NO3-) yang larut ke dalam tanah, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengurangi kehilangan nitrogen melalui penguapan amonia (NH3+). Pada akhirnya peningkatan N tanaman diharapkan dapat meningkatkan serapan N pada tanaman. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pupuk), urea standart, urea inhibitor A, urea standart + urea inhibitor A, urea inhibitor B, dan urea standart + urea inhibitor B. Masing-masing perlakukan dilakukan sebanyak 4 ulangan sehingga total berjumlah 24 petak percobaan. Pelaksanaan penelitian diawali dengan persiapan lahan, selanjutnya penanaman, pencampuran urea yang ditambahkan dengan inhibitor B dan penimbangan pupuk, pemupukan, pemeliharaan, pengambilan sampel tanah pada 0 MST dan 12 MST, pengambilan sampel tanaman pada 9 MST dan 12 MST, pemanenan, dan analisis laboratorium meliputi penetapan N-total tanah, N-NH4+ dan N-NO3- tanah, dan serapan N Tanaman. Serta, analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan Analisys of Variance menggunakan software SPSS. Apabila menunjukkan pengaruh nyata, maka dapat dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur atau uji Tukey) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan Inhibitor A berpengaruh nyata menurunkan kadar Nitrat dalam tanah, meningkatkan serapan N tanaman pada fase generatif, dan produksi berat tongkol. Urea inhibitor B berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan serapan N pada fase vegetatif. Urea inhibitor B + urea standart berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun. Pada nilai efsiensi pemupukan, Urea Inhibitor A efektif dalam menurunkan nitrat tanah, meningkatkan serapan N tanaman pada fase vegetatif dan generatif, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat tongkol, dan jumlah tongkol. Urea Inhibitor A + Urea Standart efektif dalam meningkatkan amonium, serapan N tanaman pada fase vegetatif, dan berat tongkol. Urea Inhibitor B efektif dalam meningkatkan amonium, serapan N tanaman pada fase vegetatif, dan jumlah daun. Urea Inhibitor B + Urea Standart efektif dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat tongkol, dan jumlah tongkol, dibandingkan dengan penggunaan urea standart.

English Abstract

Corn (Zea mays saccharata S.) is one of the food crops that is a source of carbohydrates besides rice, but fertilizer application is not always effectively absorbed by plants. Ineffective fertilization causes corn production to decrease. Nitrogen fertilization is the main key in efforts to increase corn production. Lack of N or disruption of N metabolism at certain times will limit the size of the cob. There are three causes of nitrogen loss from the soil, namely being washed away with drainage water, evaporation, and being absorbed by plants. Therefore, to obtain high cob production, N nutrients must be sufficiently available during the growth phase. Urea inhibitors or can be called nitrogen stabilizers are inhibitors that can slow down urea hydrolysis and reduce NH3+ evaporation and reduce nitrate leaching (NO3-) dissolved into the soil, so that it is expected to reduce nitrogen loss through ammonia evaporation (NH3+). Ultimately, increasing plant N is expected to increase N absorption in plants. The research was conducted using the RAK (Randomized Block Design) method consisting of 6 treatments, namely control (without fertilizer), standard urea, urea inhibitor A, standard urea + urea inhibitor A, urea inhibitor B, and standard urea + urea inhibitor B. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, resulting in a total of 24 experimental plots. The implementation of the study began with land preparation, continued with planting, mixing urea plus inhibitor B and weighing fertilizers, fertilization, maintenance, soil sampling at the age of 0 MST and 12 MST, plant sampling at the age of 9 MST and 12 MST, harvesting, and laboratory analysis including determination of soil N-total, soil N-NH4+ and N-NO3-, and plant N absorption. In addition, data analysis was carried out using Analysis of Variance using SPSS software. If it shows a significant effect, it can be continued with the BNJ (Honest Significant Difference or Tukey test) test with a level of 5%. The results showed that the Inhibitor A treatment significantly reduced nitrate levels in the soil, increased plant N absorption in the generative phase, and cob weight production. Urea Inhibitor B significantly increased N uptake in the vegetative phase. Urea Inhibitor B + standard urea significantly increased the growth of the number of leaves. In terms of fertilization efficiency, Urea Inhibitor A effectively reduced soil nitrate, increased plant N uptake in the vegetative and generative phases, plant height, number of leaves, cob weight, and number of cobs. Urea Inhibitor A + Standard Urea effectively increased ammonium, plant N uptake in the vegetative phase, and cob weight. Urea Inhibitor B effectively increased ammonium, plant N uptake in the vegetative phase, and number of leaves. Urea Inhibitor B + Standard Urea effectively increased plant height, number of leaves, cob weight, and number of cobs compared to the use of standard urea.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052404
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah
Depositing User:	Annisti Nurul F
Date Deposited:	14 Jan 2025 02:32
Last Modified:	14 Jan 2025 03:24
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/234762

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