Al Fikriyah, Ulfatul Rosyida and Prof. Dr. Ellis Nihayati, M.S and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sitawati, M.S (2024) Aplikasi Eco-Enzyme dan Pupuk N Anorganik pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Brokoli (Brassica Oleracea var. italica). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) merupakan salah satu tanaman sayuran dataran tinggi yang termasuk dalam suku Brassicaceae atau tanaman kubis-kubisan (cruciferae) yang mengandung serat dan gizi tinggi. Namun data BPS (2021) menunjukkan keinginan masyarakat untuk mengkonsumsi brokoli setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan permintaan brokoli. Namun hal tersebut tidak sebanding dengan produksi tanaman brokoli karena kualitas dan kuantitasnya yang masih tergolong rendah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan permintaan brokoli. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pemupukan yang tepat. Saat ini pupuk anorganik masih menjadi pupuk utama yang digunakan dan hal ini memiliki dampak negative terhadap Kesehatan tanah. Eco Enzyme merupakan salah satu produk pemanfaatan limbah organic yang ramah lingkungan karena mengalami proses fermentasi dan mengandung Asam Asetat (H3COOH), enzim lipase, tripsin dan amilase. Kombinasi konsentrasi eco enzyme dan dosis pupuk N Anorganik yang tepat untuk tanaman brokoli perlu diketahui. Untuk itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konsentrasi eco-enzyme yang dapat mengurangi ketergantungan penggunaan dosis pupuk N anorganik terhadap hasil dan kualitas tanaman Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Hipotesis yang diduga pada penelitian ini yaitu pemberian eco enzyme pada konsentrasi tertentu dapat mengurangi dosis penggunaan pupuk N anorganik terhadap produksi dan kualitas tanaman brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Tulungrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu Jawa Timur, pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2024. Alat yang diperlukan ialah polybag, penggaris, alat tulis, gelas ukur, kertas milimeter, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), LAM (Leaf Area Meter), oven dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain benih tanaman brokoli varietas Green Magic (Brassica oleracea var. italic L.), eco-enzyme, pupuk N anorganik (urea), pupuk kandang, tray, polybag 40 x 40 cm. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF), yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama ialah konsentrasi Eco Enzyme yang terdiri dari E0 = 0 ml, E15 = 15 ml, E30 = 30 ml, dan E45 = 45 ml. Sedangkan factor kedua ialah dosis pupuk N Anorganik yang terdiri dari P0 = 0% pupuk, P33 = 33% pupuk, P66 = 66% pupuk, P100 = 100% pupuk, P133 = 133% pupuk dengan 3 kali pengulangan, sehingga diperoleh 60 satuan plot percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdapat 10 tanaman, sehingga total tanaman adalah 600 tanaman. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari pengamatan destruktif dan non destruktif. Pengamatan Non Destruktif terdiri dari tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (cm), jumlah daun (helai.tanaman-1), luas daun (cm2.tanaman-1), klorofil daun, Umur berbunga (hsa), Umur panen (hsa), dan diameter bunga (cm). Sedangkan parameter pengamatan destruktif terdiri dari bobot segar total tanaman (gram), bobot segar konsumsi tanaman (gram) , dan indeks panen. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (Uji F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila didapatkan pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata interaksi konsentrasi eco enzyme dan dosis pupuk N Anorganik terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, jumlah daun, umur berbunga, diameter bunga, kandungan klorofil, umur panen, bobot segar tanaman dan bobot konsumsi tanaman brokoli. Pemberian 30 ml eco enzyme dengan pengurangan dosis pupuk N Anorganik hingga 33% pada tanaman brokoli memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif diantaranya adalah diameter batang yang dapat meningkatkan 32,81% dibandingkan tanpa eco enzyme dan meningkatkan 8,22% kandungan klorofil dibandingkan dengan tanpa eco enzyme. Selain itu, pemberian 30 ml eco enzyme dengan pengurangan dosis pupuk N Anorganik hingga 33% mampu berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan generatif diantaranya adalah meningkatkan diameter bunga sebanyak 18,48% dibandingkan tanpa eco enzyme, meningkatkan 50,14% bobot segar total tanaman dibandingkan tanpa pupuk N Anorganik, dan meningkatkan bobot segar konsumsi hingga 43,82% dibandingkan tanpa eco enzyme sebagai parameter penting pada tanaman brokoli. Sehingga pada penelitian kali ini eco enzyme dengan konsentrasi 30 ml mampu menurunkan dosis pupuk N Anorganik hingga 66% (dari dosis 300 kg.ha-1) dan dapat meningkatkan produksi tanaman brokoli dilihat dari klorofil, bobot segar total tanaman, dan bobot segar konsumsi tanaman.
English Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a highland vegetable plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family or cruciferae which contains high fiber and nutrition. However, BPS data (2021) shows that people's desire to consume broccoli has increased every year, resulting in an increase in demand for broccoli. However, this is not comparable to the quality and quantity of broccoli production which is still relatively low. This increase can be done with proper fertilization. Currently, inorganic fertilizer is still the main fertilizer used and this has a negative impact on soil health. Eco Enzyme is an environmentally friendly organic waste utilization product because it undergoes a fermentation process and contains Acetic Acid (H3COOH), lipase, trypsin and amylase enzymes. The right combination of eco enzyme concentration and Inorganic N fertilizer dose for broccoli plants needs to be known. For this reason, the aim of this research is to determine the effect of providing eco-enzyme concentrations which can reduce dependence on the use of inorganic N fertilizer doses on the yield and quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) plants. The hypothesis hypothesized in this research is that administering eco enzyme at a certain concentration can reduce the dose of inorganic N fertilizer used on the production and quality of broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea var. italica). This research was carried out in Tulungrejo village, Bumiaji District, Batu City, East Java, from May to July 2024. The tools needed are polybags, rulers, stationery, measuring cups, millimeter paper, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), LAM (Leaf Area Meter), oven and camera. Materials used in the research included broccoli seeds of the Green Magic variety (Brassica oleracea var. italic L.), eco-enzyme, inorganic N fertilizer (urea), manure, trays, 40 x 40 cm polybags. This research used a Randomized Group Factorial Design (RAKF), which consisted of two factors. The first factor is the Eco Enzyme concentration which consists of E0 = 0 ml, E15 = 15 ml, E30 = 30 ml, and E45 = 45 ml. Meanwhile, the second factor is the dose of Inorganic N fertilizer which consists of P0 = 0% fertilizer, P33 = 33% fertilizer, P66 = 66% fertilizer, P100 = 100% fertilizer, P133 = 133% fertilizer with 3 repetitions, so that 60 plot units are obtained. test. Each experimental unit contained 10 plants, so the total plants were 600 plants. Observation parameters consist of destructive and non-destructive observations. Non-destructive observations consist of plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of leaves (plant-1), leaf area (cm2.plant-1), leaf chlorophyll, flowering age (hsa), harvest age (hsa), and flower diameter (cm). Meanwhile, the destructive observation parameters consist of total fresh weight of plants (grams), fresh weight of plant consumption (grams), and harvest index. The observation data obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at the 5% level. If a real effect is found then proceed with the Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ) test with a level of 5%. The results of the study showed that there was a real effect of the interaction of eco enzyme concentration and dose of Inorganic N fertilizer on the parameters of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, flowering age, flower diameter, chlorophyll content, harvest age, plant fresh weight and consumption weight of broccoli plants. Giving 30 ml of eco enzyme with a reduction in the dose of Inorganic N fertilizer to 33% on broccoli plants has an effect on vegetative growth including stem diameter which can increase 32,81% compared to without eco enzyme and increases 8,22% chlorophyll content compared to without eco enzyme . Apart from that, giving 30 ml of eco enzyme with a reduction in the dose of Inorganic N fertilizer by up to 33% was able to have a real influence on generative growth, including increasing flower diameter by 18,48% compared to without eco enzyme, increasing 50,14% of total plant fresh weight compared to without Inorganic N fertilizer, and increasing the fresh weight of consumption by up to 43,82% compared to without eco enzymes as an important parameter in broccoli plants. So in this research, eco enzyme with a concentration of 30 ml was able to reduce the dose of inorganic N fertilizer by up to 33% and could increase broccoli plant production in terms of chlorophyll, total fresh weight of the plant, and fresh weight of plant consumption.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 042404 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Bioteknologi Agroindustri, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | S Sucipto |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Dec 2024 01:58 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Dec 2024 01:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/234378 |
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