Untari, Sri and Prof. Drs. Solichin Abdul Wahab, MA, PhD and Drs. Bambang Supriyono, MS (2002) Reposisi Elit Pedesaan Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Desa Era Otonomi (Studi Kasus Reposisi Elit Pedesaan Dalam Transisi Menuju Implementasi Otonomi Daerah Di Desa Tunggulwulung ,Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kodya Malang). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada perubahan politik yang terjadi dewasa ini yang berimplikasi pada besamya tuntutan adanya otonomi lokal, baik pada aras daerah maupun desa. Otonomi desa kurang mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah, sehingga jargon kemandirian desa yang secara tradisional ada tidak lagi berlaku, padahal otonomi desa dapat menjadi pilar yang kokoh bagi pelaksanaan otonomi daerah . Dalam penyelenggaraan otonomi desa posisi elit desa sangat penting dan menentukan terutama dalam proses pengambilan keputusan di bidang pembangunan, pehbatan seluruh komponen desa dengan dipimpin para elit desa dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan desa selain mendorong hidup dan berkembangnya demokratisasi desa sekaligus menghindarkan timbulnya konflik yang merugikan keharmonisan kehiduapan desa. Dilaksananakannya UU No 5 tahun 1979 tentang pemerintahan desa menyebabkan perubahan posisi dan peran elit desa baik formal maupun informal, akibatnya teijadi dominasi eht mendorong demokratisasi desa, untuk itu menuju pelaksanaan UU No 22 tahun 1999 perlu reposisi elit lokal terutama dalam proses pengambilan keputusan desa. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini , pertama bagaimana posisi eht pedesaan dalam pengambilan keputusan sebelum pelaksanaan UU No 5/79. Kedua, bagaimana Reposisi elit pedesaan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dalam pelaksanaan UU No 5/79 atau pada transisi pelaksanaan otonomi daerah Ketiga, bagaimana bentuk reposisi elit pedesaan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dalam menuju implementasi otonomi daerah dan keempat, apa faktor pendukung dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam reposisi elit pedesaan dalam menuju implementasi otonomi daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskripsikan, menganalisis, menginterpretasikan; posisi elit pedesaan dalam pengambilan keputusan sebelum pelaksanaan UU No 5/79; reposisi elit pedesaan dalam pengambilan keputusan pada pelaksanaan UU No 5/79 atau pada transisi pelaksanaan otonomi daerah; bentuk-bentuk reposisi elit pedesaan dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam menuju implementasi otonomi daerah dan faktor pendukung dan kendala dalam reposisi eht pedesaan menuju implementasi otonomi daerah. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengambil desa Tunggulwulung Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang sebagai lokus penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) observasi dan dokumentasi.Analisa data dilakukan dengan model interaktif dari Miles and Huberman dengan mengikuti langkahangkah reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Untuk keabsahan data dilakukan dengan memeriksa kredibilitas, keteralihan, kebergantungan dan kepastian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama posisi elit pedesaan dalam pengambilan keputusan sebelum pelaksanaan UU No 5/79 adalah ditinjau dari mekanisme pembuatan keputusan menunjukkan mekanisme bottom up policy artinya segala usulan dan rancangan keputusan desa berasal dari warga dan elit desa. antara elit formal dan elit informal berada posisi sama penting dan menentukan dan seimbang (balance), bekajasama sebagai mitra (partner) falwn membuat keputusan desa, sehingga keputusan yang ditetapkan dapat diterima warga desa. Kedua Reposisi elit pedesaan dalam pengambilan keputusan pada transisi pelaksanaan otonomi (pelaksanaan UU No 5 tahun 1979 dan sebelum UU No 22 tahun 2000) menunjukkan perubahan posisi, hal ini karena UU No 5/79 mengatur mekanisme dan langkah-langkah pembuatan keputusan desa, sehingga terjadi perubahan posisi, yakni semula antara elit formal dan elit informal dalam posisi kesejajaran dan kesetaraan (egaliter) menjadi posisi subordinasi dan marginalisasi artinya kekuasaan elit formal (pamong desa) mendominasi setiap proses pengambilan keputusan, artinya input dan usulan serta rancangan keputusan desa berasal dan dibuat oleh elit pamong desa, sehingga teijadi marginalisasi dan subordinasi posisi dari elit informal. Ketiga bentuk reposisi elit yang diharapkan dalam menuju otonomi daerah adalah pertama reposisi elit formal dalam struktur pemerintahan daerah artinya kedudukan pamong desa merupakan aktor pengambil keputusan yang mandiri di desa kedua reposisi elit informal dalam struktur pemerintahan desa. Reposisi elit pedesaan terdapat dua pandangan : 1). Apabila status desa tetap sebagai desa kota, elit informal menginginkan kedudukan dalam Badan Perwakilan desa (BPD) yang berfungsi sebagai badan legislatif desa. 2). Apabila desa berubah menjadi kelurahan, elit informal menghendaki keija sama atau kolaborasi dengan elit pamong desa untuk menyelamatkan aset-aset desa dari kekuasaan pemerintah kota, sehingga reposisi yang diharapkan sebagaimana sebelum berlakunya UU No 5/79. Sedangkan sikap elit pemuda apapun status desanya mereka memilih reposisi sebagai oposisi antara elit formal dengan elit informal (elit pemuda) . Keempat, faktor pendukung reposisi elit pedesaan adalah sosio kultural, politik dan ekonomi sedangkan kendalanya faktor struktural, yuridis formal dan kepentingan.
English Abstract
This Research was conducted on the basis of the recently existing political change, which contributes to the extensive demand for the local autonomy, at both the regency and village levels. The central government did not pay sufficient care to the village autonomy; consequently, the jargon of village independence which traditionally used to exist does not anymore. As a matter of fact, village autonomy could serve as a rigid pillar for the implementation of local autonomy. In the execution of the village autonomy, the village elites plays an important and decisive role, particularly in the process of decision making in the local development. The involvement of the whole component of the village with the direction from the village elite in every decision making motivates the emergence and development of village democratization as well as prevent conflicts disadvantageous for the harmony of the village life. The implementation of the 1979 Law No. 5 (UU No.5,1979) about Village Administration leads to the shift of the position and role of village elite, either formally or informally. It results in the domination of the elite, which ultimately would hinder the village democratization, therefore, in order that the 1999 Law No. 22 (UU No.22/1999) could be executed, it requires the repositioning of local elite, particularly in the process of decision making in the village. The problems to be investigated in this research are: (1) What is the position of the village elite in decision making before the execution of the 1979 Law No. 5? (2) How is repositioning of village elite in the process of decision making in the execution of the 1979 Law No 5 or in the transitional period of local autonomy? (3) What are the forms of the repositioning of village elite in the process of decision making ? and (4) What are the supporting factors and the obstacles facing the repositioning of the village elite in order to implement local autonomy?. The objectives of this research are to describe, to analyze, and to interpret the position of village elite in the decision making before the execution of the 1979 Law No. 5, the repositioning of village elite in the decision making in the execution of the 1979 Law No 5 or in the transitional period of the implementation of local autonomy, the forms of repositioning of village elite in the decision making with the aim of implementing the local autonomy. This research in qualitative in nature and took Tunggulwulung village, Lowokwaru subdistrict, Malang as the research location. The data were taken through in-depth interview, observation , documentation and were analyzed with the interactive model by Miles and Huberman with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusion. For the data validity, the researcher evaluated credibility, changability, dependability and certainty of the data. The result of this research indicate that (1) the position of the village elite in the decision making before execution of the 1979 Law No. 5 viewed from the mechanism of decision making used to implement bottom-up policy, i.e. all the proposal and design of village decisions were initiated by the village people and the elites. Both formal and informal elite share important, decisive and balanced position and cooperate as partners in making decision in the village in order that the decision made could be accepted by the village people; (2) The repositioning of village elite in decision making in the transitional period of the implementation of autonomy (in the execution of the 1979 Law No. 5 and before the execution of the 1999 Law No 22) indicates a position shift. This accurred due to the fact that the 1979 Law No.5 regulates the mechanism and the procedures of village decision making, and thus the shift occurred. Formerly, the formal and informal elite were on a coordinative position, but later on, they are on a subordinative and marginal position, i.e. the power of the formal elite (Village administrative leaders) dominates every stage of decision making. It mean that the input, proposal and design of the village decision is made by the formal village elite. Therefore, there exists marginal and subordinative position; (3) the form of elite repositioning which are expected in the direction towards local autonomy are, firstly, repositioning of formal elite in the structure of local government, i.e. the administrative village leaders are independent decision making actors in the village, and secondly, the repositioning of informal elite in the structure of village government, Repositioning of village elite concerns two points of view: 1). if the village its status as a country, the informal elite wishes to get a position in the Badan Perwakilan Desa (Village Board of Representatives) that serves as the village legislative board. 2). if the village turn into a ward, the informal elite wishes to cooperate or collaborate with the administrative village elite to save the village asset from the town government so that the repositioning could meet the expectation before the execution of the 1979 Law No. 5. The youth elite, regardless of the village's status, chooses repositioning as the opposition of the formal elite and the informal elite (youth elite). (4) The supporting factors for the repositioning of village elite are the socio-cultural, political and economical factors, while the obstacles are the structural, formal jurisdiction, and importance factors.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 040203 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Reposisi, Elit , Otonomi Daerah, Keputusan Desa. |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi |
| Depositing User: | S Sucipto |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Nov 2024 08:23 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Nov 2024 08:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/232874 |
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