Afifah, Syarla laili Nur and Dr. Ir. Yulia Nuraini, MS. and Dr. Reni Ustiatik, S.P., M.P. (2024) Efektivitas Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen (Non Simbiotik) Dalam Meningkatkan Ketersediaan Dan Serapan N Pada Tanaman Jagung Manis Di Tanah Tertimbun Abu Vulkanik. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Erupsi gunung berapi mengeluarkan bahan vulkanik seperti lahar, lava, pasir, debu dan abu yang terakumulasi di bagian puncak, lereng, bagian kaki dan daerah sekitarnya. Terjadi penimbunan abu vulkanik pada tanah dalam jangka pendek akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan kesuburan tanah namun, dalam jangka panjang akan memberikan manfaat terutama dalam sektor pertanian. Salah satu tanaman yang mengalami gagal panen akibat erupsi gunung yaitu tanaman jagung manis. Nitrogen merupakan unsur hara esensial yang dibutuhkan dalam jumlah besar oleh tanaman, sehingga pemanfaatan bakteri penambat nitrogen (non simbiotik) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan dan serapan nitrogen pada tanaman jagung manis di tanah tertimbun abu vulkanik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis efektivitas penambahan bakteri penambat nitrogen terhadap kandungan nitrogen tersedia dan serapan nitrogen tanaman jagung manis di tanah terimbun abu vulkanik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Screen House pada bulan Juli hingga Maret 2024. Pengambilan sampel tanah di Kawasan Coban Rondo, Krajan, Pandesari, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa timur. Pengambilan sampel abu vulkanik didapatkan pada daerah yang terdampak erupsi gunung berapi di Desa Supiturang, Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan merupakan RancanganAcak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan, 3 kali ulangan dan waktu pengamatan 6 dan 12 minggu setelah tanam, sehingga didapatkan 48 sampel. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri dari C (Tanah+Abu), TA (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium), TB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus subtilis), TAB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis), TT (Tanah+Abu+Jagung), TTA (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Jagung), TTB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus subtilis+Jagung) dan TTAB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis+Jagung). Parameter penelitian yang diamati Corganik, populasi bakteri penambat nitrogen, nitrogen tersedia, tinggi tanaman, berat kering tanaman dan serapan nitrogen tanaman jagung manis. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) / Uji F taraf 5% dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNJ 5% serta uji korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan pengaplikasianPenelitian ini dilakukan di Screen House pada bulan Juli hingga Maret 2024. Pengambilan sampel tanah di Kawasan Coban Rondo, Krajan, Pandesari, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa timur. Pengambilan sampel abu vulkanik didapatkan pada daerah yang terdampak erupsi gunung berapi di Desa Supiturang, Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan merupakan RancanganAcak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan, 3 kali ulangan dan waktu pengamatan 6 dan 12 minggu setelah tanam, sehingga didapatkan 48 sampel. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri dari C (Tanah+Abu), TA (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium), TB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus subtilis), TAB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis), TT (Tanah+Abu+Jagung), TTA (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Jagung), TTB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus subtilis+Jagung) dan TTAB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis+Jagung). Parameter penelitian yang diamati Corganik, populasi bakteri penambat nitrogen, nitrogen tersedia, tinggi tanaman, berat kering tanaman dan serapan nitrogen tanaman jagung manis. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) / Uji F taraf 5% dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNJ 5% serta uji korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan pengaplikasian bakteri penambat nitrogen tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar ammonium di tanah tertimbun abu vulkanik pada pengamatan 12 MST, namun mengalami peningkatan sebesar 20,32% pada perlakuan TTAB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis+Jagung) terhadap perlakuan kontrol (C). Aplikasi BPN terhadap kadar nitrat menunjukkan adanya pengaruh namun tidak berbeda nyata dan mengalami peningkatan kadar nitrat pada 12 MST sebesar 15,46% pada perlakuan TAB (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis). Serapan nitrogen tanaman jagung manis tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap penambahan bakteri penambat nitrogen, namun terdapat peningkatan serapan nitrogen pada pengamatan 12 MST sebesar 122,40% pada perlakuan TTA (Tanah+Abu+Bacillus megaterium+Jagung). Terdapat korelasi positif serta memiliki keeratan hubungan yang kuat antara populasi bakteri penambat nitrogen dan ketersediaan ammonium (r = 0,63) dan nitrat (r = 0,62). Populasi BPN dan ketersediaan nitrogen dalam analisis regresi secara berturut menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,40 dan 0,39, sehingga populasi BPN dapat memengaruhi 40% kadar ammonium dan 39% kadar nitrat tanah. Terdapat korelasi positif dan memiliki keeratan hubungan yang sangat kuat antara serapan nitrogen tanaman dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung manis (r = 0,89). Serapan nitrogen tanaman jagung manis dan berat kering tanaman dalam analsis regresi menunjukkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,81, sehingga serapan nitrogen tanaman jagung manis dapat memengaruhi 81% pertumbuhan tanaman jagung manis.
English Abstract
Volcanic eruptions release volcanic materials such as lava, sand, dust and ash which accumulate on the peaks, slopes, foothills and surrounding areas. The impact that occurs due to volcanic eruptions in the short term will have an influence on reducing soil fertility, however, in the long term it will provide benefits, especially in the agricultural sector. One of the crops that impacted due to the volcanic eruption is maize. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that is needed in large quantities by plants, so the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (non-symbiotic) is expected to increase the availability and uptake of nitrogen in maize in soil covered with volcanic ash. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of adding nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the available nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of maize in soil covered by volcanic ash. This research was conducted at the Screen House located on Merjosari, Lowokwaru, Malang City, East Java from July to March 2024. Soil sampling in the Coban Rondo area, Krajan, Pandesari, Pujon District, Malang Regency, East Java. Meanwhile, volcanic ash samples were collected in areas affected by volcanic eruptions in Supiturang Village, Pronojiwo District, Lumajang Regency, East Java. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatments, 3 replications and observation times of 6 and 12 weeks after planting, so that 48 samples were obtained. The treatments given consisted of C (Soil+Ash), TA (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium), TB (Soil+Ash+Bacillus subtilis), TAB (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis), TT (Soil+Ash+Maize), TTA (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium+Maize), TTB (Soil+Ash+Bacillus subtilis +Maize) and TTAB (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis +Maize). The research parameters observed were organic carbon, population of nitrogenfixing bacteria, available nitrogen, plant height, plant dry weight and nitrogen uptake of maize. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) / F test at 5% level followed by 5% BNJ further test as well as correlation and regression tests. The results of the study showed that the application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria had a significant effect on ammonium levels in soil covered by volcanic ash at 12 MST, but increased by 20.32% compared to the control in the TTAB (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis+Maize) treatment. The application of BPN to nitrate levels showed an effect but was not significantly different and increased nitrate levels at 12 MST by 15.46% in the TAB (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium+Bacillus subtilis) treatment. Nitrogen uptake by maize plants did not have a significant effect on the addition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, but there was an increase in nitrogen absorption at 12 MST of 122.40% in the TTA (Soil+Ash+Bacillus megaterium+Maize) treatment. There was a positive correlation and a strong relationship between the population of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the availability of ammonium (r = 0.63) and nitrate (r = 0.62). The BPN population and nitrogen availability in the regression analysis respectively showed a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.40 and 0.39, so that the BPN population can affect 40% of ammonium levels and 39% of soil nitrate levels. There was a positive correlation and a very strong relationship between plant nitrogen uptae and maize plant growth (r = 0.89). Nitrogen uptake of maize and dry weight of plants in the regression analysis showed a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.81, so that nitrogen uptake of maize can affect 81% of maize growth.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052404 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Jan 2025 02:12 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Jan 2025 02:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/231009 |
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