Hasya, Fitria Sevilla El and Akhmad Rizali, S.P., M.Si., Ph.D. (2024) Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Spesies Kumbang Ambrosia di Hutan Kota Malang”. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kumbang ambrosia merupakan kelompok hama penggerek kayu yang secara ekonomi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas kayu. Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman kumbang ambrosia pada hutan kota di Indonesia masih jarang dilakukan. Pemilihan lokasi didasarkan pada keanekaragaman pohon yang terdapat di Hutan Kota Malabar, Hamid Rusdi dan Velodrome. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, komposisi spesies serta pengaruh tutupan kanopi dan kekayaan vegetasi terhadap kelimpahan individu kumbang ambrosia di Hutan Kota Malang. Penelitian di Hutan Kota Malang pada Februari hingga Maret 2024 yang melibatkan tiga lokasi: Malabar, Hamid Rusdi dan Velodrome. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode transek 100 m yang dibagi menjadi tiga subplot berukuran 20 x 20 m. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 perangkap botol di setiap lokasi, dipasang selama satu minggu selama 5 minggu. Identifikasi kumbang ambrosia dilakukan sampai tingkat genus dengan acuan ukuran tubuh, pronotum, dan elytra. Pengukuran kanopi dilakukan dengan bantuan canopy apps dan analisis vegetasi dilakukan dengan mendata jumlah, jenis dan diameter pohon. Data dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, indeks dominansi Simpson’s dan indeks kemerataan Pielou’s. Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan individu kumbang ambrosia yang ditemukan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Pengaruh keanekaragaman kumbang ambrosia dengan tutupan kanopi dan kekayaan vegetasi dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan kemudian dilanjutkan uji regresi apabila P-value < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 14 spesies kumbang ambrosia yang terdiri dari 8 genus ambrosia (Ambrosiodmus, Eccoptopterus, Euplatypus, Euwallacea, Premnobius, Xyleborinus, Xyleborus dan Xylosandrus) dan 2 famili (Scolytidae dan Platypodidae). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi terdapat di Hutan Kota Malabar (H’=1,96) dan terendah di Hutan Kota Hamid Rusdi (H’= 0,82). Indeks kemerataan tertinggi terdapat di Hutan Kota Malabar (E=0,94) dan terendah di Hutan Kota Hamid Rusdi (E=0,42). Indeks dominansi tertinggi tertinggi terdapat di Hutan Kota Hamid Rusdi (D=0,65) dan terendah di Hutan Kota Malabar (D=0,15). Penelitian ini menemukan spesies yang sama pada ketiga lokasi penelitian yaitu Xyleborus sparsipilosus. Kesamaan spesies tersebut terjadi karena adanya kemiripan vegetasi berupa mahoni. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada komposisi spesies kumbang ambrosia di lokasi penelitian. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kondisi habitat dan sumber daya relatif homogen pada ketiga lokasi. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara tutupan kanopi terhadap kelimpahan kumbang ambrosia (P-value < 0,05), sedangkan kekayaan vegetasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan kumbang ambrosia (P-value > 0,05). Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara tutupan kanopi dan kelimpahan kumbang ambrosia (R2= 0,561; P=0,02).
English Abstract
Ambrosia beetles are a group of wood-boring pests that can economically cause a decrease in wood quality. Research on the diversity of ambrosia beetles in urban forests in Indonesia is still rare. The selection of locations is based on the tree diversity in the Malabar, Hamid Rusdi and Velodrome Urban Forests. Therefore, this study aims to determine the diversity, species composition and influence of canopy cover and vegetation richness on the abundance of individual ambrosia beetles in the Malang Urban Forest. Research in Malang Urban Forest from February to March 2024 involving three locations: Malabar, Hamid Rusdi and Velodrome. The method used was the 100 m transect method divided into three subplots measuring 20 x 20 m. This study used 9 bottle traps in each location, installed for one week for 5 weeks. Identification of ambrosia beetles was carried out to the genus level with reference to body size, pronotum, and elytra. Canopy measurements were carried out with the help of canopy apps and vegetation analysis was carried out by recording the number, type and diameter of trees. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson's dominance index and Pielou's evenness index. The diversity and abundance of individual ambrosia beetles found were analyzed using analysis of variance. The influence of ambrosia beetle diversity on canopy cover and vegetation richness was analyzed using a correlation test and then continued with a regression test if the P-value < 0,05. Based on the research results, 14 species of ambrosia beetles were obtained consisting of 8 ambrosia genera (Ambrosiodmus, Eccoptopterus, Euplatypus, Euwallacea, Premnobius, Xyleborinus, Xyleborus and Xylosandrus) and 2 families (Scolytidae and Platypodidae). The highest diversity index value was found in the Malabar Urban Forest (H’=1,96) and the lowest in the Hamid Rusdi Urban Forest (H’= 0,82). The highest evenness index was found in the Malabar Urban Forest (E=0,94) and the lowest in the Hamid Rusdi Urban Forest (E=0,42). The highest dominance index was found in the Hamid Rusdi Urban Forest (D=0,65) and the lowest in the Malabar Urban Forest (D=0,15). This study found the same species in all three research locations, namely Xyleborus sparsipilosus. The similarity of these species occurs due to the similarity of vegetation in the form of mahogany. The results of the analysis of variance showed no significant differences in the composition of ambrosia beetle species at the research location. This indicates that habitat conditions and resources are relatively homogeneous at the three locations. The correlation test results showed that there was an influence between canopy cover on the abundance of ambrosia beetles (P-value < 0,05), while vegetation richness had no effect on the abundance of ambrosia beetles (P-value > 0,05). The results of the regression test showed that there was a significant negative relationship between canopy cover and the abundance of ambrosia beetles (R2= 0,561; P=0,02).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052404 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kumbang ambrosia, hutan kota, tutupan kanopi, kekayaan vegetasi |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Dec 2024 02:34 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Dec 2024 02:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/230634 |
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