Putri, Irza Amira and Yasniar Rachmawati, M, S.H., M.H, and Fransiska Ayulistya, S, S.H., LL.M, (2024) Tanggung Jawab Afrika Selatan Sebagai Homestate Private Military Company Dag Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Di Mozambik Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pada skripsi ini, penulis mengangkat permasalahan terkait tanggung jawab Afrika Selatan sebagai negara rumah dari Private Military Company bernama Dyck Advisory Group (DAG) atas tindakan pelanggaran Hukum umaniter Internasional dalam konflik bersenjata di Mozambik. Dimana dalam penelitian ini penulis akan melakukan analisis berdasarkan ketentuan Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Dalam melakukan analisis, penulis menggunakan Konvensi Jenewa I 1949, serta Protokol Tambahan II 1977 Tentang Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Konflik Bersenjata Non-Internasional. Meskipun demikian, belum ada instrumen hukum yang mengatur mengenai PMC secara spesifik dan memiliki kekuatan mengikat. Sehingga masih tidak ada kejelasan terkait pertanggungjawaban dan sanksi yang diberikan oleh negara maupun PMC dalam hal terjadi pelanggaran dalam konflik bersenjata. Berdasarkan uraian diatas, penulis dalam penelitian ini akan membahas dan mengangkat judul Tanggung Jawab Afrika Selatan Sebagai Homestate Private Military Company DAG Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Di Mozambik Berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional . Rumusan masalah yang disusun oleh penulis berdasarkan pemaparan di atas yaitu: Bagaimana Tanggung Jawab Afrika Selatan sebagai Homestate Private Military Company DAG dalam konflik bersenjata di Mozambik berdasarkan Hukum Humaniter Internasional ? Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tersebut, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif. Lalu bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konsep, adalah metode pendekatan yang digunakan penulis. Sedangkan teknik analisis bahan hukum menggunakan analisis interprestasi sistematis dan interpretasi gramatikal kemudian disajikan secara diskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa PMC DAG yang teregistrasi di Afrika Selatan terbukti melakukan pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional dalam konflik bersenjata non-internasional di Mozambik, berdasarkan analisis terhadap instrument dan prinsip-prinsip hukum humaniter internasional. Hal tersebut terjadi karena tindakan PMC DAG yang melakukukan indiscriminate attack, menjadikan warga dan objek sipil sebagai objek penyerangan, serta menjadikan personil medis atau pemuka agama sasaran penyerangan. Tindakan tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai pelanggaran serius dalam hukum humaniter internasional. Maka karena itu PMC DAG bukan lagi berada diranah privat pada kasus ini, melainkan sudah memasuki ranah publik karena adanya pelanggaran hukum internasional. Adanya pelanggaran hukum internasional pada dasarnyadapat menimbulkan tanggung jawab negara. Salah satu yang dapat bertanggung jawab adalah Homestate dari PMC DAG, yaitu Afrika Selatan. Hal tersebut berdasarkan analisis menggunakan Draft International Law Commission 2001 XII tentang Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts Article 2 dimana Negara Afrika Selatan dapat bertanggung jawab karena act of omission. Lalu Article 5 yang mempertegas hubungan tindakan PMC dengan Homestate, dimana Afrika Selatan dapat bertanggung jawab kepada tindakan entitas non-negara seperti PMC apabila terbukti memberi izin beroperasi. Tanggung jawab yang diberikan dapat berupa Reparasi Satisfaction, dimana Homestate menawarkan penyelesaian sengketa terhadap tindak pelanggaran tersebut.
English Abstract
In this thesis, the author discusses issues related to the responsibility that should be given by South Africa as the homestate of the Private Military Company called the Dyck Advisory Group (DAG) according to violation against the International Humanitarian Law in the armed conflict in Mozambique. Wherein this research, the author will analyze the issues in accordance of International Humanitarian Law. In conducting the analysis, the author applied the Geneva Convention I 1949 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, as well the Protocol Additional II to the Geneva Conventions and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts. However, there is no legal instrument that specifically regulating about PMC and has binding force. Therefore, there is still no clarity regarding responsibilities and sanctions given by the state or PMC for their act of violations in armed conflict. On the basis of that matter, the author with this research will discuss and choose the title, South Africa Responsibility as Homestate of Private Military Company DAG in Non-International Armed Conflict in Mozambique according to International Humanitarian Law. Regarding the issues, within this research, the author indicates the formulation of the problem as it follows : How is South Africa Responsibility as Homestate of Private Military Company DAG in Non-International Armed Conflict in Mozambique based on International Humanitarian Law? To resolve the problem, the author uses normative juridical type of research, moreover including the use of primary source of law, secondary and tertiary. The approach methods that the author applied includes Statue Approach, Case Approach, and Conceptual Approach. For the legal material analysis techniques is using systematic interpretation analysis and grammatical interpretation, after that it is presented descriptively. Therefore the result of this research can be conluded that PMC DAG in which registered in South Africa was proven to have committed violations of International Humanitarian Law in the non-international armed conflict in Mozambique, according to instrument and priciples of International Humanitarian Law. That is ensued as the result of the PMC DAG's actions in carrying out indiscriminate attacks, making citizens and civilian objects the objects of attack, as well as making medical personnel or religious leaders the targets of attacks. This action can be said to be a serious violation of international humanitarian law. For that reason, PMC DAG is no longer in the private domain in this case,Therefore the result of this research can be conluded that PMC DAG in which registered in South Africa was proven to have committed violations of International Humanitarian Law in the non-international armed conflict in Mozambique, according to instrument and priciples of International Humanitarian Law. That is ensued as the result of the PMC DAG's actions in carrying out indiscriminate attacks, making citizens and civilian objects the objects of attack, as well as making medical personnel or religious leaders the targets of attacks. This action can be said to be a serious violation of international humanitarian law. For that reason, PMC DAG is no longer in the private domain in this case, but has entered the public domain because of a violation of international law. Any violations of international law can basically inflict to state responsibility. One of those who can be responsible is the Homestate of PMC DAG, in this case, XIV South Africa. This is based on analysis using the 2001 International Law Commission Draft concerning Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts Article 2 where the South African State can be held responsible for an act of omission. Then Article 5 which emphasizes the relationship between PMC's actions and the Homestate, where South Africa can be responsible for the actions of non-state entities such as PMC if it is proven to have given permission to operate. The responsibility given can be in the form of Satisfaction Reparations, where Homestate offers dispute resolution regarding the violation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052401 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Hukum > Ilmu Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Dec 2024 01:31 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Dec 2024 01:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/230308 |
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