Nurcholis, Omar and Syahrul Kurniawan, SP., MP., Ph.D and Dr. Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono, S.P., M.Sc (2024) Pengaruh Pemangkasan dan Manajemen Pemupukan terhadap Pencucian Unsur Hara pada Agroforestri Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) di UB Forest. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Praktik pengelolaan pohon dan tanah (misalnya pemangkasan dan pemupukan) sangat penting dalam menjaga kesuburan tanah dan keberlanjutan hasil kopi dalam sistem agroforestri kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak pemangkasan dan pemupukan terhadap pencucian unsur hara dalam sistem agroforestri kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Hutan Penelitian Universitas Brawijaya (UB Forest) pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2023. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga faktor, antara lain: 1) pemangkasan (T1: tajuk tanaman kopi dipangkas, T2 : tajuk tanaman kopi yang belum dipangkas), 2) Jenis pupuk (O: pupuk organik, A: pupuk anorganik, M:50% organik + 50% anorganik), dan 3) Dosis pupuk (D1: Dosis Petani, D2: Dosis Puslitkoka, D3: Dosis dari pergantian unsur hara terangkut panen), berjumlah 18 perlakuan dengan masing-masing empat ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) faktorial pada taraf 5%, dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT untuk menganalisis perbedaan antar manajemen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perlakuan pemangkasan mengurangi kehilangan unsur hara akibat pencucian dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tidak dipangkas. Perlakuan pemangkasan menurunkan pencucian 0,3 hingga 124 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lahan kopi tidak dipangkas. Praktik pemangkasan yang dilakukan memberikan dampak yang nyata (p<0,05) pada konsentrasi nitrat, kalium, dan pH di larutan tanah pada kedalaman 50 cm dari permukaan tanah. Perlakuan pemangkasan tajuk tanaman kopi dengan penambahan pupuk campuran (T1M) mampu meningkatkan pH larutan tanah 0,34% jika dibandingkan dengan nilai pH larutan tanah pada perlakuan tajuk tanaman kopi yang tidak dipangkas dengan pemberian pupuk campuran (T2M). Perlakuan kombinasi antara pemangkasan tajuk kopi dengan dosis pupuk berdasarkan pergantian unsur hara yang terangkut panen (T1D3) menunjukkan peningkatan pH larutan tanah sebesar 0,32% jika dibandingkan dengan nilai terendah yaitu pada kombinasi manajemen kopi yang tidak dipangkas dengan dosis pemberian pupuk berdasarkan pergantian unsur hara terangkut panen (T2D3). Perlakuan kombinasi jenis dan dosis pupuk memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p<0,05) terhadap pH larutan tanah. Pengaplikasian pupuk campuran (organik dan anorganik) dengan dosis pergantian unsur hara (MD3) memberikan peningkatan pH larutan tanah sebesar 0,39% jika dibandingkan dengan nilai kemasaman larutan tanah yang terendah, yaitu pada pengaplikasian pupuk anorganik dengan dosis berdasarkan rekomendasi puslitkoka (AD2). Manajemen pemangkasan dengan aplikasi pupuk campuran dosis puslitkoka (T1MD2) lebih baik untuk kesuburan tanah dari sifat kimia. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui dampak jangka panjang dari perlakuan kombinasi pemangkasan dan pemupukan yang telah dilakukan terhadap pencucian hara di UB Forest.
English Abstract
Coffee canopy and soil management practices (i.e. pruning and fertilization) in coffee-based agroforestry systems play an important role in reducing nutrient leaching losses. This research aims to evaluate the impact of coffee pruning and fertilizer application on pH and nutrient leaching in the soil. Research was conducted on the coffee agroforestry system in the Universitas Brawijaya’s forest (called UB Forest) from February to August 2023. This study used a factorial randomized block design with three factors. The first factor was pruning of coffee canopy (T1: pruned coffee, T2: unpruned coffee), the second factor was the type of fertilizer (O: organic fertilizer, A: inorganic fertilizer, M: 50% organic+50% inorganic), and the third factor was dose of fertilizer (D1: farmer's dose, D2: dose from recommended doses from the Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI), D3: dose from the exchange of nutrients transported to the coffee bean harvest). The combination of the three factors were 18 treatments, each combination treatment was repeated 4 times. Data were analyzed using factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significant level, followed by the DMRT test to analyze differences between management. This research showed that pruned coffee canopy reduced nutrient leaching losses 0.3 to 124 times as compared to the unpruned coffee canopy treatment. The pruning coffee canopy practices carried out had a significant impact (p<0.05) on the concentration of nitrate, potassium and pH in the soil solution at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface. The treatment of pruning coffee plant crowns with the addition of mixed fertilizer (T1M) was able to increase the pH of the soil solution by 0.34% when compared to the pH value of the soil solution in the treatment of coffee plant crowns that were not pruned with the application of mixed fertilizer (T2M). Pruning with replacement of nutrients transported by the harvest (T1D3) showed an increase in soil solution pH of 0.32% when compared to the lowest value, namely the interaction of management of coffee that was not pruned with the application of fertilizer with a replacement dose of nutrients transported by the harvest (T2D3). The effect of the combination of treatments providing different types and doses of fertilizer had a significant effect (p<0.05). Application of mixed fertilizer with a nutrient replacement dose (MD3) resulted in an increase in soil solution pH of 0.39% when compared to the lowest soil solution acidity value, namely when applying inorganic fertilizer with a recomended doses from the Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) (AD2). Based on the research results, pruning management with the application of a mixed fertilizer recomended doses from the Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute (ICCRI) (T1MD2) is better for soil fertility in terms of chemical properties. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term impact of the combination pruning and fertilization treatment that has been carried out on nutrient leaching in UB Forest.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | - |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Pengelolaan Tanah dan Air, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Sep 2024 03:08 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Sep 2024 03:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/230108 |
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