Rahmandhia, Deris Trian and Prof. Dr. Ir. Moch. Dawam Maghfoer, SU and Prof. Dr. Ir. Didik Hariyono, SU. (2024) Pengaruh Konsentrasi PGPR Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)pada Berbagai Tingkat Salinitas. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salinitas merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas dalam pertumbuhan dan produktivitas pertanian. Lahan salin di Indonesia mencapai 33%, dan 20% diantaranya menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas pertanian. Salinitas menyebabkan akumulasi Na+ dan Cl- pada lingkungan perakaran serta mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan osmotik antara lingkungan luar perakaran dan dalam jaringan tanaman. Ketidakseimbangan osmotik mengakibatkan penurunan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman karena tanaman sulit dalam menyerap unsur hara yang ada di tanah. Salah satu pendekatan biologi dalam mitigasi salinitas terhadap tanaman yaitu dengan pemanfaatan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR mengatasi cekaman salinitas tanaman melalui beberapa mekanisme yaitu produksi osmoprotektan seperti prolin, produksi antioksidan seperti flavonoid, produksi eksopolisakaridan dan asam organik untuk membantu penyerapan hara tanaman. PGPR secara tidak langsung mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pada kondisi tidak menguntungkan seperti salinitas. Penelitian terkait aplikasi PGPR terhadap tanaman yang sensitif terhadap salinitas seperti bawang merah masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi konsentrasi PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah pada berbagai tingkat salinitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Desa Wonorejo, Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Agustus hinngga November 2023. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu spektrofotometer, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), timbangan analitik, dan penggaris. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu bibit bawang merah varietas Tajuk, garam NaCl 90%, PGPR, polybag ukuran 20 x 20 cm, pupuk kdanang, pupuk NPK (Ponska), dan pupuk ZA. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri dari 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama salinitas yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu S0: tanpa salinitas, S1: salinitas 50 mM, S2: salinitas 100 mM, S3: salinitas 150 mM. Faktor yang kedua yaitu PGPR yang terdiri dari 4 level konsentrasi yaitu P0: tanpa PGPR, P1: PGPR 10 ml/L, P2: PGPR 20 ml/L, P3: PGPR 30 ml/L. Variabel pengamatan meliputi bobot segar akar, bobot kering akar, panjang tanaman, luas daun, jumlah daun, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah anakan, Laju Pertumbuhan Relatif (LPR), diameter umbi, rerata bobot per umbi, bobot segar umbi per rumpun, susut bobot umbi, indeks klorofil, kadar air relatif, kadar prolin, dan kadar flavonoid. Hasil data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan varian (Uji-F) pada taraf 5%. Apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian penunjukkan bahwa aplikasi PGPR 30 ml/L pada berbagai tingkat salinitas mampu meningkatkan bobot segar akar, bobot kering akar, panjang tanaman, luas daun, jumlah daun, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah anakan, diameter umbi, rerata bobot per umbi, bobot segar umbi per rumpun. Salinitas 150 mM memiliki dampak paling signifikan dalam menurunkan laju pertumbuhan relatif (LPR), kadar air relatif, dan indeks klorofil, selain itu salinitas 150 mM secara nyata meningkatkan susut bobot umbi. Aplikasi PGPR 30 ml/L secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan relatif (LPR), kadar air relatif, dan indeks klorofil.
English Abstract
Salinity is one of the limiting factors in agricultural growth dan productivity. Saline ldan in Indonesia reaches 33% dan 20% of it causes a decrease in agricultural productivity. Salinity causes the accumulation of Na+ dan Cl- in the root environment, causing an osmotic imbalance between the environment outside the roots dan in the plant tissue. Osmotic imbalance has an impact on decreasing plant growth dan productivity because plants have difficulty absorbing nutrients in the soil. One biological approach to mitigating salinity in plants is by utilizing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR is able to overcome plant salinity stress through several mechanisms, namely the production of osmoprotectants such as proline, production of antioxidants such as flavonoids, production of exopolysaccharides dan organic acids to help plant nutrient absorption. PGPR is indirectly able to increase plant growth dan yields in unfavorable conditions such as salinity. Research related to the application of PGPR to plants that are sensitive to salinity such as shallots is still very limited. This study aims to determine the effect of PGPR concentration application on the growth dan yield of shallots in various salinity conditions. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of Wonorejo Village, Poncokusumo, Malang Regency from August to November 2023. The tools used in the study were a spectrophotometer, Leaf Area Meter (LAM), analytical scales, dan rulers. The materials used were red onion seeds of the Tajuk variety, 90% NaCl salt, PGPR, 20 x 20 cm polybags, manure, NPK fertilizer (Ponska), dan ZA fertilizer. This study used a rdanomized block design (RAK), consisting of 2 treatment factors. The first factor is salinity consisting of 4 levels, namely S0: without salinity, S1: 50 mM salinity, S2: 100 mM salinity, S3: 150 mM salinity. The second factor is PGPR consisting of 4 concentration levels, namely P0: without PGPR, P1: PGPR 10 ml/L, P2: PGPR 20 ml/L, P3: PGPR 30 ml/L. Observation variables include fresh root weight, dry root weight, plant length, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, number of tillers, Relative Growth Rate (RGR), tuber diameter, average weight per tuber, fresh tuber weight per clump, tuber weight loss, chlorophyll index, relative water content, proline content, dan flavonoid content. The results of the observation data obtained were analyzed with variance (F-Test) at the 5% level. If there is a significant difference, it is continued with the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test to determine the differences between treatments. The results of the study indicate that the application of PGPR 30 ml/L at various salinity levels can increase fresh root weight, dry root weight, plant length, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, number of tillers, tuber diameter, average weight per tuber, fresh tuber weight per clump. Salinity of 150 mM has the most significant impact in reducing the relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content, dan chlorophyll index, in addition, salinity of 150 mM significantly increases tuber weight loss. Application of PGPR 30 ml/L was able to significantly increase the relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content, dan chlorophyll index.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | - |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Sep 2024 02:55 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Sep 2024 02:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/230101 |
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