Jauhary, Muhammad Rifqi Al and Prof. Dr. Ir. Soemarno,, M.S. and Prof. Dr. Ir. Mochammad Munir,, M.S. (2024) Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Dan Produksi Kopi Melalui Aplikasi Lubang Resapan Biopori Berpupuk Organik Di Agrotechnopark Jatikerto. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Produksi kopi di Indonesia lambat laun semakin menurun. Hal ini disebabkan penurunan luasan lahan budidaya kopi akibat pemenuhan kebutuhan penduduk yang semakin banyak. Akibatnya, kopi diusahakan pada lahan-lahan yang kurang produktif, salah satunya adalah lahan dengan kondisi tanah yang masam dan didominasi fraksi liat. Jenis tanah tersebut tidak cukup produktif mengingat secara fisik, berat isinya tinggi sehingga dapat menghambat pertumbuhan akar. Selain itu, secara kimia, ketersediaan hara di dalamnya juga rendah karena unsur hara makro akan cenderung diikat oleh Al atau Fe yang melimpah saat tanah dalam pH yang masam. Kebun kopi di Agrotechnopark Jatikerto merupakan salah satu lahan dengan karakteristik tersebut di atas. Kebun ini juga terletak pada lahan yang miring dan merupakan kebun yang diusahakan secara tadah hujan. Sebenarnya, wilayah ini cukup berpotensi dalam pengembangan kopi khususnya di wilayah Kabupaten Malang bagian selatan. Oleh karena itu, salah satu upaya peningkatan kualitas tanah pada lokasi tersebut adalah melalui lubang resapan biopori berpupuk organik. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan bahwa lubang resapan biopori dapat berpengaruh secara fisika, kimia, dan biologi, sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif perbaikan lahan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2020 hingga Maret 2022 di kebun kopi Agrotechnopark Jatikerto, Kabupaten Malang dan analisis tanahnya dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Desain penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan (P1: kontrol; P2: biopori 30 cm; P3: biopori 30 cm + pupuk kompos; dan P4: biopori 30 cm + pupuk kotoran kambing) dan 5 ulangan. Variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi pH, C organik, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), kejenuhan basa (KB), total N, total P, total K, dan produksi kopi. Sampel tanah diambil dalam frekuensi 60 harian dengan 4 kali pengambilan. Sedangkan analisis data meliputi analisis sidik ragam, Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), korelasi, dan regresi berganda antar variabel tanah terhadap produksi kopi. Perlakuan lubang resapan biopori berpupuk organik menghasilkan pH, C organik, KTK, KB, total N, total P, dan total K dalam tanah. Hal ini dapat merepresentasikan bahwa lubang resapan biopori berpupuk organik mampu memperbaiki kualitas tanah pada tanah masam dominan liat. Bahan organik yang ditambahkan ke dalam tanah melalui lubang resapan biopori mampu meningkatkan pH, KTK, dan KB, serta hara tanah melalui proses dekomposisi dan mineralisasi. Hal ini juga berdampak pada peningkatan produksi kopi yang diduga diakibatkan dari peningkatan ketersediaan hara oleh bahan organik tanah. Selain itu, analisis regresi berganda pada variabel tanah terhadap produksi kopi menghasilkan persamaan y = -1,658 + 0,422 (pH₀₋₂₀) + 0,8 (TN₀₋₂₀); adjusted R² = 92,49%; yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa pH dan N pada kedalaman 0-20 cm berkontribusi dalam peningkatan produksi kopi. Oleh sebab itu, perlu tindakan kontrol serta peningkatan pH dan N pada kedalaman 0-20 cm agar produksi kopi pada lokasi penelitian dapat ditingkatkan.
English Abstract
Coffee production in Indonesia was gradually decreasing. This was due to a decrease in the area of coffee cultivation due to the fulfillment of the demands of an increasing population. In the end, coffee was cultivated on unproductive lands, one of which was land with acidic soil conditions and dominated by the clay fraction. This type of soil was not productive enough considering that physically, the content weight was high, which could inhibit root growth. In addition, chemically, the availability of nutrients in it was also low because macro-nutrients would tend to be bound by Al or Fe which were abundant when the soil was at an acidic pH. The coffee farm in Jatikerto Agrotechnopark was one of the lands with the mentioned characteristics. The farm was also located on sloping land and was a rainfed farm. This area has quite potential for coffee development, especially in the southern part of Malang Regency. Therefore, one of the efforts to improve soil quality at this location was through biopore infiltration holes with organic fertilizer. Several previous studies have mentioned that biopore infiltration holes could affect physics, chemistry, and biology, so they could be an alternative to land improvement. This research was conducted from October 2020 to March 2022 at Agrotechnopark Jatikerto coffee plantation, Malang Regency, and the soil analysis was performed at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The research design was a randomized block design with 4 treatments (P1: control; P2: 30 cm bio pore; P3: 30 cm bio pore + compost fertilizer; and P4: 30 cm bio pore + goat manure fertilizer) and 5 replications. Variables in this study included pH, organic C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), total N, total P, total K, and coffee yield. Soil samples were taken at a frequency of 60 days with 4 collection times. Data analysis included analysis of variance, Duncan multiple range test (DMRT), correlation, and multiple regression between soil variables and coffee production. The treatment of biopore infiltration holes with organic fertilizer resulted in higher pH, organic C, CEC, KB, total N, total P, and total K in the soil. This could represent that biopore infiltration holes with organic fertilizer could improve soil quality in clay-dominant acidic soil. Organic matter added to the soil through biopore infiltration holes could increase pH, CEC, and KB, as well as soil nutrients through decomposition and mineralization processes. This also impacted increasing coffee production, which was thought to result from increased nutrient availability by soil organic matter. In addition, multiple regression analysis on soil variables on coffee production resulted in the equation y = -1.658 + 0.422 (pH₀₋₂₀) + 0.8 (TN₀₋₂₀); adjusted R² = 92,49%; could be concluded that pH and N at a depth of 0-20 cm contributed to increasing coffee production. Therefore, it was necessary to control and increase pH and N at a depth of 0-20 cm so that coffee production at the research site could be increased.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052404 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Dec 2024 03:17 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Dec 2024 03:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/229926 |
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