Bkahtiar, Fatima Evitariany Az Zahra and Prof. Dr. Teti Estiasih, STP., MP. and Eko Sri Agus Setiawan, S.T. (2024) Optimasi Formula pada Proses Dekomposisi Pupuk Organik Berbasis Kotoran Sapi dan Limbah Lumpur (Sludge Aerob dan Slurry Anaerob) Industri Susu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
dekomposisi pupuk dikarenakan penggunaan bahan penyusunan dan air yang kurang tepat berdampak pada proses metabolisme bakteri. Namun, berdasarkan uji mutu akhir pupuk organik padat kedua perlakuan (tanpa dan dengan slurry) setelah dekomposisi 28 hari, penjemuran, dan pengayakan berhasil memenuhi persyaratan SNI 7763-2018 meliputi pH (6.45 ; 5.54), kadar air (48.56 ; 38.35)%, c-organik (36.7 ; 34.6)%, nitrogen (3.78 ; 3.56)%, fosfor (0,15 ; 0,13)%, kalium (0.53 ; 0.46)%, serta total NPK (4.46 ; 4.15)% Peningkatan akumulasi residu IPAL industri susu PT XYZ bertambah seiring jumlah aliran influen limbah cair yang diterima. Sumber influen terbesar berasal dari aktivitas produksi yang mengikuti fluktuasi permintaan produk susu di pasaran. Dengan sebagian sumber pengolahan limbah berasal dari produksi susu, limbah lumpur berpotensi memiliki kandungan organik dan sejumlah bakteri yang dapat menunjang proses dekomposisi dalam pembuatan pupuk organik. Di samping itu, terdapat regulasi yang mengatur standar mutu pupuk organik sebagai persyaratan izin edar bagi pelaku usaha untuk menjamin kecukupan nutrisi tanah dan tumbuhan. Penambahan kandungan organik dari bahan lain seperti kotoran sapi diduga dapat memperbaiki kualitas nutrisi pupuk organik. Kotoran sapi yang digunakan berasal dari limbah ternak yang dikelola oleh Koperasi Peternakan Sapi Perah (KPSP) Setia Kawan di Nongkojajar, Pasuruan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis formulasi optimal dari pupuk organik dengan bahan baku kotoran sapi dan limbah industri susu (berbentuk sludge aerob dan slurry anaerob) menggunakan linear programming pada Microsoft Excel. Formula adalah komposisi bahan baku penyusun pupuk organik dengan dosis terbaik berdasarkan fungsi tujuan yang memaksimalkan jumlah kandungan makronutrien pupuk dan membatasinya pada standar minimal SNI. Hasil optimasi program menunjukkan dosis bahan terbaik sebesar 3 kg kotoran sapi, 1 kg sludge, dan 1 kg slurry memperoleh nilai nitrogen 1,39%, fosfor 1,07%, kalium 4,91%. Formula terbaik tersebut menjadi rancangan percobaan yang dikembangkan dengan perlakuan penambahan slurry (pupuk tanpa dan dengan slurry). Perlakuan ini berguna untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan dosis slurry yang berbeda terhadap keberhasilan proses dekomposisi dan kualitas akhir pupuk organik. Pengujian karakteristik bahan memperlihatkan ketiga bahan baku memiliki potensi sebagai campuran bahan baku pupuk organik karena mengandung sejumlah makronutrisi pupuk. Menurut analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, pupuk organik di semua perlakuan menunjukkan perilaku sama selama proses dekomposisi, yakni mengalami fluktuasi suhu, pH, kadar air, dan penyusutan bobot pupuk menandakan telah terjadi aktivitas penguraian oleh mikroorganisme pupuk. Hasil analisis tingkat populasi bakteri tertinggi sampel pupuk tanpa dan dengan slurry terjadi pada minggu ke-3 proses dekomposisi semi anaerob memperoleh jumlah koloni 14,1 x 106 cfu/ml dan 7,3 x 106 cfu/ml. Rentang nilai suhu, kadar air, besar susut bobot bahan, dan jumlah bakteri tidak termasuk ideal dalam proses
English Abstract
Increased accumulation of IPAL XYZ milk industry residues increased as the amount of waste water influent flows received. The biggest source of influence comes from the production activity that follows fluctuations in the demand for dairy products in the market. With some sources of waste processing coming from milk production, sludge and slurry residues potentially have organic content and a number of bacteria that can support the decomposition process in the production of organic fertilizer. In addition, there are establishment that regulate the quality standards of organic fertilizers as permission approval for the authorization of entrepreneurs to guarantee the nutritional adequacy of soil and plants. The addition of organic content from other substances such as cow manure was supposed to improve the nutritional quality of the organic fertilizer. The cow manure used came from cattle waste managed by the Koperasi Peternakan Sapi Perah (KPSP) Setia Kawan in Nongkojajar, Pasuruan. The study aims to analyze the optimal formulation of organic fertilizer with raw materials from cow manure and dairy industry waste (in the form of sludge and slurry) using linear programming in Microsoft Excel. Fomulation was an intermediate combination with the best dosage based on a goal function that maximizes the amount of fertilizer macronutrient content and limits it to a minimum standard. The program's optimization results showed the best doses of 3 kg of cow manure, 1 kg of aerobic sludge, and 1 kg anaerobic Slurry obtained nitrogen values of 1.39%, phosphorus of 1.07%, potassium of 4.91%. The best formula became an experimental design developed with the treatment of adding slurry (fertilizer without and with slurry). This treatment was useful to determine the effect of adding different doses of slurry on the success of the decomposition process and the final quality of organic fertilizer. Inspection of material characteristics showed that the three raw materials have the potential as a mixture of organic fertilizer raw materials because they contain a number of macronutrients. According to quantitative descriptive analysis, organic fertilizers in all treatments showed similar behavior during the decomposition process, i.e. undergoing temperature fluctuations, pH, water levels, and material reduction in fertilizer weight indicating decomposing activity by fertilizing microorganisms. The results of the analysis of the highest bacterial population levels of fertilizer samples without and with slurry occurred in the 3rd week of the semi-anaerobic decomposition process obtaining the number of colonies 14,1 x 106 cfu/ml and 7,3 x 106 cfu/ml. The range of values for temperature, moisture content, material reduction, and the number of bacteria are not ideal in the fertilizer decomposition process because the use of improper preparation materials and water has an impact on the metabolic process of bacteria. Based on the final quality test of solid organic fertilizer, both treatments (without and with slurry) after 28 days of decomposition, dried in the sun, and sorted successfully fulfilled the requirements of SNI 7763-2018 including pH (6.45; 5.54), water content (48.56; 38.35)%, c-organic (36.7; 34.6)%, nitrogen (3.78; 3.56)%, phosphorus (0.15; 0.13)%, potassium (0.53; 0.46)%, and total NPK (4.46; 4.15)%
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052410 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Nov 2024 06:51 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Nov 2024 06:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/228632 |
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