Alisha, Tarra Syifa and Dr. Darmawan Saptadi, S.P., M.P. and Dr. Ir. Damanhuri, M.S. (2024) Evaluasi Keragaman Morfologi dan Sitologi Kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea L.) pada Populasi M2 Hasil Induksi Kolkisin. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kacang bogor (Vigna subterranea (L). Verdc) merupakan tanaman legum asal Afrika. Tanaman ini memiliki toleransi terhadap kekeringan, kondisi tanah dengan rendahnya unsur hara, stres garam dan memiliki kemampuan untuk berproduksi dalam kondisi dimana tanaman kacang lain tidak dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Kacang bogor mengandung 64.4% karbohidrat, 23.6% protein, 6.5% lemak, dan 5.5% serat serta kaya akan mineral. Hal ini yang menjadikan tanaman ini dapat dikembangkan untuk membantu melindungi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat Indonesia dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Upaya pemuliaan tanaman dalam upaya menghasilkan varietas unggul berdaya hasil tinggi telah dilakukan melalui seleksi plasma nutfah yang terdapat di Indonesia, namun belum didapatkan hasil yang memuaskan dikarenakan terbatasnya sumber genetik berdaya hasil tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya lain seperti induksi poliploidi dengan pemberian anti mitosis seperti kolkisin. Seringkali penampilan akibat mutasi baru muncul setelah generasi selanjutnya, yakni M2, V2 atau kelanjutannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfologi dan sitologi pada tanaman kacang bogor populasi M2 dari hasil induksi kolkisin Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2023 yang berlokasi di greenhouse Joyo Agung, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini juga dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian dan Laboratorium Sentral Ilmu Hayati, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Brawijaya untuk kegiatan pengamatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menanam benih M1 hasil dari induksi kolkisin dengan perlakuan konsentrasi 0% (K0 atau kontrol), 0.1% (K1), 0.2% (K3), 0.3% (K4), dan 0.4% (K4) tanpa menggunakan ulangan. Total tanaman sebanyak 195 tanaman (39 x 5 perlakuan). Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengamati setiap individu tanaman (single plant). Karakter yang diamati yaitu daya tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot biji pertanaman. bobot 100 biji, panjang biji, lebar biji, panjang stomata, lebar stomata, kerapatan stomata, dan jumlah kromosom. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji t-independent dan analisis ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%. Analisis keragaman menggunakan perhitungan Koefisien keragaman (KK). Generasi M2 kacang bogor hasil induksi kolkisin memiliki rata-rata ukuran daun, stomata, umur berbunga, ukuran biji, dan bobot 100 biji yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Namun, daya tumbuh perkecambahan, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah biji pertanaman, dan bobot biji pertanaman yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan kolkisin terbukti meningkatkan keragaman morfologi dan sitologi tanaman kacang bogor pada generasi M2. Selain itu, perlakuan kolkisin juga meningkatkan jumlah kromosom tanaman kacang bogor. Pada perlakuan kolkisin konsentrasi 0.4% menghasilkan tanaman tetraploid yang lebih banyak dari perlakuan kolkisin lainnya.
English Abstract
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L). Verdc) is an African legume plant. This plant is tolerant of drought, soil conditions with low nutrients, and salt stress and can be produced in conditions where peanut plants cannot grow well. Bambara groundnut contains 64.4% carbohydrates, 23.6% protein, 6.5% fat and 5.5% fiber, and minerals. This plant can be developed to help protect the food needs of the Indonesian people in the face of climate change. Plant breeding efforts to produce superior varieties with high yields have been made through germplasm selection in Indonesia. However, satisfactory results were not obtained due to limited genetic sources with high yields. Therefore, other efforts are needed, such as the induction of polyploidy by administering chemical mutagens such as colchicine. Often, the appearance due to new mutations appears after the next generation, namely M2, V2 or its continuation. This study aims to evaluate Bambara groundnut plants' morphological and cytological variation in the M2 population due to colchicine induction. This research was carried out in March-August 2023 at the Joyo Agung greenhouse, Malang City, East Java. This research was also conducted for observation activities at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Central Laboratory of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University. This research was carried out by planting M1 seeds resulting from colchicine induction with treatment concentrations of 0% (K0 or control), 0.1% (K1), 0.2% (K3), 0.3% (K4), and 0.4% (K4) without using replicates. The total plants were 195 plants (39 x 5 treatments). Observations were made by observing each plant (single plant). The characters observed were the germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, number of seeds per plant, weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed length, seed width, stomata length, stomata width, stomata density, and number of chromosomes. Quantitative data were analyzed using the independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level. Analysis of variability was conducted by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV). The M2 generation of Bambara groundnut induced by colchicine had higher average leaf size, stomata size, flowering age, seed size, and 100-seed weight than the control. However, germination rate, number of leaves, plant height, number of seeds per plant, and seed weight per plant were lower than the control. Colchicine treatment increased the morphological and cytological variation of Bambara groundnut plants in the M2 generation and increased the number of chromosomes in these plants. Colchicine treatment at a concentration of 0.4% produced more tetraploid plants than other colchicine treatments.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052404 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Nov 2024 06:08 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Nov 2024 06:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/228164 |
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