Prameswari, Indy Pristyananda and Fithri Choirun Nisa, STP., MP., Ph.D (2024) Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak Antioksidan Kulit Buah Delima (Punica granatum L.) Menggunakan Metode Microwave-assisted Encapsulation (MAEC) Dengan Variasi Daya dan Energi Microwave. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Dalam pengolahan produk buah delima, banyak dihasilkan produk samping seperti kulit dan bijinya. Masyarakat umumnya hanya mengonsumsi daging buah delima saja dan kulitnya hanya menjadi limbah. Padahal kulit buah delima menempati sekitar 26-30% dari total beratnya dan aktivitas antioksidannya lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan daging buahnya. Kulit buah delima mengandung zat bioaktif terutama senyawa fenolik seperti polifenol, flavonoid, dan tanin. Senyawa tersebut cenderung rentan terhadap panas atau suhu tinggi, oksigen, paparan cahaya, dan pH sehingga dapat mengurangi aktivitas dan stabilitasnya. Cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk melindungi senyawa polifenol dari kerusakan kimia adalah dengan teknik mikroenkapsulasi. Salah satu metode mikroenkapsulasi adalah Microwave-assisted Encapsulation (MAEC), dimana metode ini memanfaatkan radiasi gelombang mikro. Daya dan energi microwave merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi efisiensi pada proses mikroenkapsulasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya dan energi microwave terhadap mikrokapsul ekstrak kulit buah delima. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan, yaitu daya microwave (320 W & 400 W) dan energi microwave (163,2 kJ, 172,8 kJ, 182,4 kJ, dan 192 kJ) sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diuji adalah total fenol, total flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan IC50, efisiensi enkapsulasi, kadar air, kelarutan, rendemen, dan warna. Data hasil pengujian tersebut dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Apabila terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan, maka dilakukan uji lanjut BNJ atau Tukey, dan jika terdapat interaksi antar faktor maka dilakukan uji lanjut DMRT. Perlakuan terbaik ditentukan menggunakan metode De Garmo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan daya dan energi microwave berpengaruh nyata terhadap total fenol, total flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan IC50, efisiensi enkapsulasi, kadar air, kelarutan, dan warna, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen mikrokapsul ekstrak kulit buah delima. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh mikrokapsul dengan perlakuan daya 320 W dan energi microwave sebesar 182,4 kJ, dimana mikrokapsul ini menghasilkan nilai antioksidan IC50 sebesar 144,2 ppm, total fenol 21,5 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid 7,3 mg QuE/g, efisiensi enkapsulasi 46,4%, kadar air 6,6%, kelarutan 89,7%, warna °Hue 66,9°, dan rendemen 17,1%. Ekstrak kulit buah delima dan mikrokapsul perlakuan terbaik kemudian dilakukan analisis Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), dan hasilnya menunjukkan adanya senyawa fenolik pada ekstrak dan mikrokapsul tersebut.
English Abstract
In the processing of pomegranate products, many by-products such as skin and seeds are produced. People generally only consume the pomegranate fruit and the peel only becomes waste. Whereas pomegranate skin occupies about 26- 30% of its total weight and its antioxidant activity is higher when compared to the pulp. Pomegranate peels contain bioactive substances, especially phenolic compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. These compounds tend to be susceptible to heat or high temperature, oxygen, light exposure, and pH so as to reduce their activity and stability. A way to protect polyphenolic compounds from chemical damage is by microencapsulation techniques. One of the microencapsulation methods is Microwave-assisted Encapsulation (MAEC), where this method utilizes microwave radiation. Microwave power and energy is one of the factors that can affect the efficiency of the microencapsulation process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of microwave power and energy on microcapsules of pomegranate peel extract. This study was designed using the Randomized Group Factorial Design method with 2 treatment factors, namely microwave power (320 W & 400 W) and microwave energy (163,2 kJ, 172,8 kJ, 182,4 kJ, and 192 kJ) with 3 replications. The parameters tested were total phenols, total flavonoids, IC50 antioxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency, moisture content, solubility, yield, and color. The test data were analyzed using ANOVA with 95% confidence interval. If there was a significant effect, the BNJ or Tukey further test was conducted, and if there was an interaction between factors, the DMRT further test was conducted. The best treatment was determined using the De Garmo method. The results showed that microwave power and energy treatment significantly affected total phenols, total flavonoids, IC50 antioxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency, water content, solubility, and color, but did not significantly affect the yield of pomegranate peel extract microcapsules. The best treatment was obtained by microcapsule P1R3 with 320 W power treatment and microwave energy of 182.4 kJ, where this microcapsule produced an IC50 antioxidant value of 144.2 ppm, total phenols 21.5 mg GAE/g, total flavonoids 7.3 mg QuE/g, encapsulation efficiency 46.4%, moisture content 6.6%, solubility 89.7%, color °Hue 66.9°, and yield 17.1%. Pomegranate peel extracts and the best-treated microcapsules were then subjected to Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and the results showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extracts and microcapsules.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 052410 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Daya microwave, Energi microwave, Kulit buah delima, Mikroenkapsulasi-Microwave power, Microwave energy, Pomegranate peel, Microencapsulation |
Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
Date Deposited: | 19 Sep 2024 08:05 |
Last Modified: | 19 Sep 2024 08:05 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/225868 |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
Indy Pristyananda Prameswari.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (2MB) |
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