Anggraini, Desta Prasanthi and Dr. Fahriyah, S.P., M.Si. and Dr. Rosihan Asmara, S.E., M.P. (2024) Strategi Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim serta Dampaknya Terhadap Produktivitas dan Pendapatan Usahatani Kentang di Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perubahan iklim merupakan perubahan suhu dan pola cuaca dalam jangka panjang. Dampak yang dirasakan akibat perubahan iklim di Indonesia adalah penurunan maupun peningkatan intensitas hujan (variabilitas hujan) dan peningkatan suhu udara. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi sektor pertanian yaitu dapat menurunkan produksi, menyebarkan hama penyakit baru, gagal panen, dan penurunan kapasitas air irigasi. Maka, diperlukan penerapan strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim di bidang pertanian. Strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan varietas tahan hama, konservasi tanah dan air, perubahan pola tanam, dan penggunaan pupuk organik. Penelitian ini menganalisis persepsi petani terhadap iklim, apa saja strategi adaptasi yang diterapkan petani, faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi penerapan strategi adaptasi, dan dampak penerapan strategi adaptasi terhadap produktivitas dan pendapatan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage sampling dengan metode slovin diperoleh 91 responden petani kentang di wilayah Kota Batu dan Kabupaten Probolinggo. Data primer yang digunakan adalah 1) karakteristik usahatani kentang, 2) persepsi terhadap indikator perubahan iklim, 3) jenis strategi adaptasi yang diterapkan, 4) produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani kentang. Data sekunder terdiri dari kondisi umum lokasi penelitian, data curah hujan, dan suhu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif, regresi multivariat probit, dan PSM (Propensity Score Matching). Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif statistik, persepsi petani kentang terhadap indikator perubahan iklim mayoritas mengetahui dan memahami sesuai dengan kondisi iklim di wilayah penelitian. Adanya peningkatan intensitas curah hujan pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan serta terjadi peningkatan suhu. Dari hasil identifikasi strategi adaptasi, strategi yang paling banyak adalah konservasi tanah dan air sebanyak 82,42%, diikuti 64,84% petani menggunakan strategi penggunaan pupuk organik, sebesar 63,74% petani menggunakan strategi perubahan pola tanam, dan varietas tahan hama dan penyakit sebesar 53,85%. Dari hasil regresi multivariat probit didapatkan hasil dari 9 variabel independen terdapat 6 variabel yang signifikan positif terhadap penerapan strategi adaptasi yaitu pendidikan, pengalaman usahatani, luas lahan, akses kredit, akses informasi iklim, dan persepsi petani terhadap perubahan iklim. Sedangkan 3 variabel yang tidak signifikan adalah jumlah anggota keluarga, penyuluhan, dan kelompok tani. Hasil analisis dampak penerapan strategi adaptasi terhadap produktivitas dan pendapatan adalah masing-masing strategi adaptasi dapat menaikkan produktivitas dan pendapatan dengan persentase yang berbeda. Penerapan keempat strategi juga berdampak pada produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani kentang.
English Abstract
Climate change is a long-term change in temperature and weather patterns. The impacts felt due to climate change in Indonesia are a decrease or increase in rain intensity and an increase in air temperature. This can affect the agricultural sector, by reducing production, spreading new pests and diseases, crop failure, and reducing irrigation water capacity. So, it is needed to implement climate change adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector. Climate change adaptation strategies can be carried out by using pest-resistant varieties, soil and water conservation, changing cropping patterns, and using organic fertilizer. This research analyzes farmers' climate perceptions, identify adaptation strategies farmers apply, factors influence the implementation of adaptation strategies, and the impact of implementing adaptation strategies on productivity and income. The sampling technique using multistage sampling with the slovin method obtained 91 potato farmer respondents in the Batu City and Probolinggo Regency areas. The primary data used are 1) characteristics of potato farming, 2) perceptions of climate change indicators, 3) types of adaptation strategies implemented, and 4) productivity and income of potato farming. Secondary data consists of general conditions of the research location, rainfall data, and temperature. The methods used are descriptive statistics analysis, multivariate probit regression, and PSM (Propensity Score Matching). Based on the results of descriptive statistics analysis, the majority of potato farmers' perceptions of climate change indicators are consistent with the climate conditions in the research area. There is rising rainfall intensity in the dry season and rainy season as well as an increase in temperature. From the results of identifying adaptation strategies, the most frequently used strategy is soil and water conservation as much as 82.42%, followed by 64.84% of farmers using organic fertilizer strategy, about 63.74% of farmers using changing cropping patterns strategy, and around 53.85% farmers used pest-resistant varieties and disease. From multivariate probit regression results, it was found that from 9 independent variables, 6 variables were significantly positive regarding the implementation of adaptation strategies, namely education, farming experience, land area, access to credit, access to climate information, and farmers' perceptions of climate change. Meanwhile, the 3 variables that were not significant were the number of family members, extension services, and farmer groups. The results of the analysis of the impact of implementing adaptation strategies on productivity and income are each adaptation strategy can increase production and income by different percentages. The implementation of the four strategies also has an impact on potato farming production and income.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 042404 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Sep 2024 06:56 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Sep 2024 06:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/224280 |
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