Nuningtyas, Yuli Frita (2024) Identifikasi Gen Pertumbuhan Ayam Persilangan yang Diberi Pakan Level Protein Berbeda Melalui Analisis Profil Transkriptomik. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
ujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan dengan level protein kasar berbeda terhadap pola produksi, penampilan produksi, kualitas fisik karkas, dan profil asam lemak daging ayam persilangan serta untuk mengidentifikasi gen yang terlibat dalam proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otot ayam persilangan melalui analisis profil transkriptomik pada jaringan otot ayam persilangan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2021 sampai dengan September 2022. Materi yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 162 Day Old Chick (DOC) ayam persilangan yang tidak dibedakan jenis kelaminnya (unsexed) dengan rata-rata bobot badan dan koefisien keragaman yaitu 39,70 g/ ekor dan 9,26 %. Tahap pertama penelitian yaitu percobaan in vivo menggunakan 3 perlakuan protein kasar (PK) berbeda yaitu P1 (starter 18 %, finisher 16 %), P2 (starter 20 %, finisher 18 %) dan P3 (starter 22 %, finisher 20 %), dimana setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 6 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 9 ekor ayam persilangan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu penampilan produksi, kualitas fisik karkas dan profil asam lemak daging ayam persilangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan jika ada perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda duncan’s. Tahap kedua yaitu menggunakan sampel perlakuan penampilan produksi tertingi dan terendah pada tahap 1 untuk dilanjutkan uji profil transkriptomik menggunakan RNA sequencing. Variabel yang diamati yaitu Differentially Expressed Genes (DEG), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), dan validasi ekspresi gen. Nilai kuantifikasi ekspresi gen dihitung dengan rumus 2-∆∆Ct yang membandingkan nilai CT gen target dengan gen houskeeping Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Hasil penelitian tahap 1 diperoleh: penampilan produksi berupa konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan feed conversion ratio (FCR) tertinggi pada P3 yaitu 2653,54 g/ ekor, 852,23 g/ ekor, dan 3,04. Kualitas fisik karkas terbaik ditinjau dari nilai WHC, tekstur, warna L, a, b, cooking loss: pada P3 24,95 %, pada P1 7,42 kg/ cm2, pada P3 49,10, pada P1 1,27, pada P3 6,58, dan pada P3 25,05 %. Profil asam lemak daging terbaik ditinjau dari total Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA), Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) dan Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA): pada P1 (23,96 %), pada P2 (41,16), pada P3 (41,22 %). Pada tahap 2 diperoleh nilai DEG (p < 0,05) sebanyak 6.581 gen. Gene Ontology sebagai proses biologis yaitu respons terhadap stres, seluler komponen yaitu di bagian mitokondria, dan fungsi molekuler yaitu sebagai small molecule binding. KEGG pathway menunjukkan bahwa protein pada pakan mempengaruhi jalur metabolsime. Hasil validasi gen up regulated: BAZ1B dan MTSS1, down regulated: LZTS3, RRP1B, dan CCNG. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan protein kasar sebesar 22 % pada fase starter dan 20 % pada fase finisher memberikan pola pertumbuhan yang baik berdasarkan hasil uji in vivo dan identifikasi kandidat gen up regulated: BAZ1B dan MTSS1 dan down regulated: LZTS3, RRP1B, dan CCNG.
English Abstract
This research aims to determine the effect of feeding with different levels of crude protein on the production performance, physical carcass quality, and the fatty acid profile of cross-bred chicken meat and to identified the genes that influence the growth and muscle development process through the transcriptomic profile of crossbred chickens. The research was conducted from September 2021 to September 2022. The material used was 162 DOC unsexed cross-bred chickens with an average body weight of 39.70 g/ bird with a coefficient of variation of 9.26 % and maintenance for 60 days. DOC is a cross between Lohman layers and Bangkok males produced by UD. Berline Farm, Maguan District, Malang Regency, East Java. The first stages of the research was an in vivo experiment with 3 crude protein (CP) treatments, namely P1 (starter 18%, finisher 16%), P2 (starter 20%, finisher 18%), and P3 (starter 22%, finisher 20%), where each treatment consists of 6 replications and each replication consists of 9 cross-bred chickens. The variables observed were production performance, physical carcass quality, and meat fatty acid profile of crossbred chicken. Data were analysed using a completely randomized design and if there were significant differences, it was continued with Duncan's multiple range test. The second stages was according by the analysis of the statistical results of production performance in first stage, the highest and lowest treatment samples were taken to continue with transcriptomic profile testing using RNA sequencing. The variables observed were Differentially expressed genes (DEG), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and validation of gene expression. The gene expression quantification value was calculated using the formula 2-∆∆Ct which compares the CT value of the target gene with housekeeping gene Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The results obtained in first stage were the highest production performance in the P3 with feed consumption (2653.54 g/ bird), body weight gain (852.23 g/ bird), and FCR (3.04). The physical quality of the carcass was seen from the highest WHC value of P3 (24.95 %) and the best texture P1 (7.42 kg/ cm2), L color in P3 (49.10), a* in P1 (1.27) and b* in P3 (6.58), and cooking loss at P3 (25.05 %). The fatty acid profile of meat was total SFA in P1 (23.96 %), MUFA in P2 (41.16), and PUFA in P3 (41.22 %). In the second stage, DEG values were obtained of 6,581 genes (p < 0.05), with GO results in the form of biological processes in response to stress, cellular components in the mitochondria, and molecular function as a binding of small molecules. The KEGG pathway showed that protein influenced the metabolic pathway. Validation genes showed the up regulated: BAZ1B and MTSS1 and down regulated: LZTS3, RRP1B, and CCNG. This research concludes that feed with the crude protein of 22 % (starter) and 20 % (finisher) provides the best performances, carcass quality, and fatty acid profile, as well as being able to identify growth and muscle development genes in crossbred chickens in the form of up-regulated: BAZ1B and MTSS1 and down-regulated: LZTS3, RRP1B, and CCNG.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 062405 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ayam persilangan, performance, kualitas karkas, profil asam lemak, profil transkriptomik- crossbred chickens, performance, carcass quality, fatty acid profile, transcriptomic profile |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Aug 2024 04:28 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Aug 2024 04:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/223077 |
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