Studi Kelimpahan Jamur Patogen Serangga Pada Tanah Pematang Pertanian Organik dan Konvensional dan Uji Patogenisitas Terhadap Plutella xylostella.

Firmansyah, Akbar and Prof. Dr. Ir. Aminudin Afandhi,, M. S. (2024) Studi Kelimpahan Jamur Patogen Serangga Pada Tanah Pematang Pertanian Organik dan Konvensional dan Uji Patogenisitas Terhadap Plutella xylostella. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pertanian organik menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung keanekaragaman hayati dan mikroorganisme tanah dengan menghindari penggunaan bahan kimia sintetis dan fokus pada keseimbangan ekosistem tanah. Kelompok mikroorganisme tanah seperti Jamur Patogen Serangga (JPS) berperan penting dalam mengendalikan hama tanaman dan memperkaya kualitas tanah. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanian organik cenderung memiliki kelimpahan JPS yang lebih tinggi karena lingkungan tanah yang seimbang dan minim penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetis, meskipun temuan yang konsisten masih diperlukan untuk memastikan perbedaan ini. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati 2, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2023. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode survei, eksplorasi dan komparasi. Survei dilaksanakan dengan melakukan wawancara petani pemilihk lahan dan mengamati kondisi lahan secara langsung. Eksplorasi jamur patogen serangga diambil dari tanah pematang pertanian organik dan konvensional di Brenjonk, Kabupaten Mojokerto dan desa Mulyoagung, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur dan diidentifikasi hingga tingkat genus. Komparasi dilakukan untuk membandingkan kondisi kedua lahan, kelimpahan jamur patogen serangga dan patogenisitasnya terhadap Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Kelimpahan Jamur Patogen Serangga pada tanah pematang pertanian organik lebih tinggi dibandingkan pertanian konvensional. Jamur patogen serangga yang ditemukan dari tanah pematang pertanian organik sebanyak 20 isolat dari 4 genus jamur, yaitu: Fusarium, Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, dan Penicillium. Pada tanah pematang pertanian konvensional ditemukan 10 isolat jamur patogen serangga dari 3 genus, yaitu: Fusarium, Aspergillus, dan Paecilomyces. Pada tanah pematang pertanian organik, patogenisitas tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Fusarium sp (Brj-OF1) yang menyebabkan mortalitas P. xylostella sebesar 90%, serta yang terendah dihasilkan oleh Paecilomyces (Brj-OPA1) sebesar 63,33%. Sedangkan pada tanah pematang pertanian konvensional patogenisitas tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Aspergillus (Mly-KA1) yang menyebabkan mortalitas P. xylostella sebesar 76,67% dan yang terendah dihasilkan oleh Paecilomyces (Mly-KPA1) sebesar 53,33%.

English Abstract

Organic farming creates a favorable environment for soil biodiversity and microorganisms by avoiding the use of synthetic chemicals and focusing on balancing the soil ecosystem. Groups of soil microorganisms such as Entomopathogenic Fungi (EPF) play an important role in controlling plant pests and enriching soil quality. Research suggests that organic farming tends to have a higher abundance of EPF due to a balanced soil environment and minimal use of synthetic chemical pesticides, although consistent findings are still needed to confirm this difference. The research was conducted at Biological Control Laboratory 2, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang from August to December 2023. The methods used in this study were survey, exploration and comparison methods. The survey was conducted by interviewing farmers and observing land conditions directly. Exploration of insect pathogenic fungi was taken from the soil of organic and conventional agricultural bunds in Brenjonk, Mojokerto Regency and Mulyoagung village, Malang Regency, East Java and identified to the genus level. Comparisons were made to compare the conditions of the two fields, the abundance of insect pathogenic fungi and their pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The abundance of insect pathogenic fungi in organic farming bunds was higher than conventional farming. Insect pathogenic fungi found from organic farming soils were 20 isolates from 4 fungal genera, namely: Fusarium, Aspergillus, Paecilomyces, and Penicillium. In conventional agricultural bunded soil, 10 isolates of insect pathogenic fungi from 3 genera were found, namely: Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Paecilomyces. In organic farming bunds, the highest pathogenicity was produced by Fusarium sp (Brj-OF1) which caused 90% mortality of P. xylostella, and the lowest was produced by Paecilomyces (Brj�OPA1) at 63.33%. While in conventional agricultural bunding soil, the highest pathogenicity was produced by Aspergillus (Mly-KA1) which caused mortality of P. xylostella by 76.67% and the lowest was produced by Paecilomyces (Mly�KPA1) by 53.33%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040403
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2024 04:36
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2024 04:36
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/221154

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