Pengaruh Penambahan Biochar terhadap Produksi Biogas menggunakan Limbah Keju melalui Two Stages Anaerobic Digestion

Maulana, Muhammad Havis and Yusron Sugiarto, STP., MP., M.Sc., Ph.D (2024) Pengaruh Penambahan Biochar terhadap Produksi Biogas menggunakan Limbah Keju melalui Two Stages Anaerobic Digestion. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pengembangan Energi Baru Terbarukan di Indonesia seperti biogas diperlukan sebagai alternatif dari ketergantungan bahan bakar fosil. Ketersediaan limbah industri keju berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan biogas yang bernutrisi bagi mikroorganisme dalam aktivator biogas berupa sludge kotoran sapi. Peningkatan kualitas produksi biogas dapat dipenuhi dengan penambahan biochar yang mengandung mineral untuk metabolisme mikroorganisme biogas. Produksi biogas diproses melalui two stages anaerobic digestion atau degradasi bahan organik oleh mikroorganisme dalam kondisi tanpa oksigen. Proses terdiri dari fase ke-1 (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis) dan fase ke-2 (methanogenesis). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pengaruh konsentrasi limbah keju dan penambahan biochar. Keseluruhan bahan terdiri dari sludge 10 mL dan aquades 50 mL dicampurkan dalam digester bervolume kerja 60 mL. Adapun konsentrasi limbah keju diantaranya tanpa limbah keju (K0), 16,67 g/L (K1), 33,33 g/L (K2), 50 g/L (K3) serta penambahan biochar diantaranya tanpa biochar (B0), 5 g/L (B1), 15 g/L (B2), 25 g/L (B3). Penelitian melibatkan 48 perlakuan yaitu 16 variasi konsentrasi, 3 ulangan yang diinkubasikan pada suhu 40°C dan pH awal 7 serta pengoptimalan penambahan sludge pada 2 fase. Data hasil akumulasi dan laju produksi biogas diukur menggunakan prinsip perpindahan air. Analisis data pengukuran biogas diolah dengan Software Microsoft Excel dan ploting grafik menggunakan Software Origin Pro, serta analisis rancangan percobaan melalui Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Sesudahnya dilakukan pengukuran pH, karakterisasi bahan serta perhitungan potensi metana berdasarkan Persamaan Bushwell. Penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan menunjukkan analisis karakterisasi bahan limbah keju diantaranya karbon 52,89%, hidrogen 7,89%, oksigen 28,17%, nitrogen 1,08%, sulfur 9,97%, rasio C/N 48,97%. Kadar air, Total Solids, kadar abu, Total Volatile Solids didapatkan 45,3%, 54,7%, 4,28%, 50,41% pada bahan limbah keju dan 1,64%, 98,36%, 79,17%, 50,41% pada bahan biochar serta 98,91%, 1,09%, 0,55%, 0,55% pada bahan sludge. Pada hasil produksi biogas, seluruh digester yang mengandung bahan limbah keju dapat menghasilkan akumulasi produksi biogas lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa limbah keju (kontrol) sehingga menunjukkan komponen limbah keju berupa laktosa, protein dan lainnya dapat didegradasi mikroorganisme Clostridia menjadi Volatile Faty Acid, asam butirat, asam asetat, asam propionat serta hidrogen atau karbon dioksida pada fase ke-1. Selanjutnya degradasi oleh Archaea atau mikroorganisme methanogenic menghasilkan biogas didominasi kandungan metana pada fase ke-2. Peningkatan hasil akumulasi produksi biogas terbukti dengan penambahan biochar pada keseluruhan digester karena mengandung mineral untuk metabolisme mikroorganisme, berpotensi membentuk biofilm, berporositas tinggi untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mikroorganisme, meningkatkan laju produksi maksimum dan memperpendek fase lag, menstabilkan pH, meningkatkan produksi Volatile Fatty Acid, serta dapat mengikat amonia dan hidrogen sulfida. Berdasarkan Analysis of Variance dan uji lanjut Post Hoc Tukey Honestly Significant Difference, konsentrasi limbah keju dan penambahan biochar dapat memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan di mana semakin tinggi konsentrasi telah menghasilkan peningkatan akumulasi produksi biogas. Keseluruhan analisis hasil menunjukkan bahwa digester B3K3 merupakan variasi konsentrasi bahan terbaik dengan hasil akumulasi produksi biogas tertinggi yaitu 11736,82 mL/L dengan pH akhir 7,28. Bahan limbah keju pada produksi biogas memiliki potensi metana 59,97%

English Abstract

The development of New Renewable Energy in Indonesia such as biogas is needed as an alternative to fossil fuel dependence. The availability of cheese industry waste has the potential to be used as a nutritious biogas material for microorganisms in biogas activators in the form of cow dung sludge. Improving the quality of biogas production can be fulfilled by adding biochar containing minerals for the metabolism of biogas microorganisms. Biogas production is processed through two stages of anaerobic digestion or degradation of organic matter by microorganisms under conditions without oxygen. The process consists of the 1st phase (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis) and the 2nd phase (methanogenesis). The study used a Complete Randomized Design with the effect of cheese waste concentration and the addition of biochar. The materials were 10 mL sludge and 50 mL aquades mixed in a digester with a total working volume of 60 mL. The concentration of cheese waste were cheese waste (K0), 16.67 g/L (K1), 33.33 g/L (K2), 50 g/L (K3) and the addition of biochar including without biochar (B0), 5 g/L (B1), 15 g/L (B2), 25 g/L (B3). The study involved 48 treatments, namely 16 concentration variations, 3 repeats incubated at 40°C and initial pH 7 and optimization of sludge addition in 2 phases. Data on the accumulation and rate of biogas production were measured using the principle of water displacement. Biogas measurement data analysis was processed with Microsoft Excel Software and graphic plotting using Origin Pro Software, as well as experimental design analysis through Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. After that, pH measurements, material characterization and methane potential calculations were carried out based on the Bushwell Equation. Research that had been carried out shows the characterization analysis of cheese waste materials including carbon 52.89%, hydrogen 7.89%, oxygen 28.17%, nitrogen 1.08%, sulfur 9.97%, C/N ratio 48.97%. Water content, Total Solids, ash content, Total Volatile Solids were obtained 45.3%, 54.7%, 4.28%, 50.41% in cheese waste material and 1.64%, 98.36%, 79.17%, 50.41% in biochar material and 98.91%, 1.09%, 0.55%, 0.55% in sludge material. In the results of biogas production, all digesters containing cheese waste materials produced higher accumulation of biogas production than without cheese waste (control) so it shows that cheese waste components in the form of lactose, protein and others can be degraded by Clostridia microorganisms into Volatile Faty Acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and hydrogen or carbon dioxide in phase 1. Furthermore, degradation by Archaea or methanogenic microorganisms produced biogas dominated by methane content in phase 2. The increase in the accumulated yield of biogas production was proved by the addition of biochar to the entire digester because it contains minerals for the metabolism of microorganisms, has the potential to form biofilms, has high porosity for the growth and development of microorganisms, increases the maximum production rate and shortens the lag phase, stabilizes pH, increases the production of Volatile Fatty Acid, and can bind ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Based on the Analysis of Variance and Tukey's Post Hoc Honestly Significant Difference test, the concentration of cheese waste and the addition of biochar had a significant effect where the higher the concentration resulted in an increase of accumulated biogas production. The overall analysis of the results shows that the B3K3 digester was the best variation in material concentration with the highest accumulated biogas production result of 11736.82 mL/L with a final pH of 7.28. Cheese waste material in biogas production had a methane potential of 59.97%

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524100104
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biogas, two stages anaerobic digestion, biochar, limbah keju-Biogas, two stages anaerobic digestion, biochar, cheese waste
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian
Depositing User:	soegeng Moelyono
Date Deposited:	12 Jun 2024 08:19
Last Modified:	12 Jun 2024 08:19
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/220685

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