Dinamika Perkembangan Patogen Pyricularia oryzae pada Tanaman Padi Fase Vegetatif di Musim Kemarau dan Hujan (Studi: Drip Irrigation Di Jatimulyo Kota Malang).

Wibowo, Nafi Widadjani and Muhammad Akhid Syib’li, SP., MP., Ph.D (2024) Dinamika Perkembangan Patogen Pyricularia oryzae pada Tanaman Padi Fase Vegetatif di Musim Kemarau dan Hujan (Studi: Drip Irrigation Di Jatimulyo Kota Malang). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Padi merupakan tanaman pangan yang menjadi sumber makanan pokok utama di Indonesia. Menurut Data Statistik Konsumsi Pangan Tahun 2022 bahan makanan mengandung beras memiliki rata-rata konsumsi yang tinggi di Indonesia yaitu 93,95 kg/kap/tahun. Tingginya angka tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa tanaman padi berperan penting dalam menjaga ketahanan pangan sehingga produktivitas tanaman padi perlu diperhatikan agar tercukupi kebutuhan padi masyarakat. Namun, dalm proses produksi padi terdapat masalah yang disebabkan oleh faktor biotik dan abiotik. Faktor biotik meliputi hama dan penyakit,sementara faktor abiotik meliputi kondisi lingkungan, seperti air, suhu, dan kelembaban. Faktor abiotik utama yang mengancam produksi padi adalah ketersediaan air. Perubahan iklim menyebabkan cuaca menjadi tidak terprediksi sehingga terjadi ketidakpastian ketersediaan air. Aplikasi sistem irigasi tetes mampu menekan penggunaan air untuk irigasi hingga 87-95%. Kelembaban lingkungan tanaman menjadi hal penting pada lahan sistem irigasi tetes tanaman padi. Teknik budidaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kelembaban tanah adalah dengan aplikasi mulsa. Pyricularia oryzae merupakan jamur penyebab penyakit penting tanaman padi yaitu penyakit blas. Tanaman padi yang terserang penyakit ini akan menunjukkan gejala pada bagian daun berupa bintik oval dengan ujung runcing seperti belah ketupat. Bintik yang berkembang tersebut akan mengganggu proses fotosintesis tanaman. Jamur ini dapat berkembang pada kondisi lingkungan yang memiliki tingkat kelembaban tinggi. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan September hingga Desember 2023 di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati 1 Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya yang berlokasikan di Perumahan Griya Shanta, Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian terdiri dari persiapan penelitian dan pelaksanaan penelitian. Persiapan penelitian terdiri dari pengolahan tanah, pembuatan bedengan, pemupukan dasar, pemasangan mulsa, penanaman bibit, pengairan atau irigasi, penyulaman, dan pemupukan. Sementara pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari penentuan titik pengamatan sampel tanaman, pemberian label sampel, pengamatan sampel, dan pengolahan data. Pelaksanaan penelitian terdiri dari 6 perlakuan, yang meliputi irigasi tetes + mulsa + 2 baris tanam + musim kemarau (P2M1), irigasi tetes + mulsa + 4 baris tanam + musim kemarau (P4M1), Kontrol (irigasi konvenisonal) + musim kemarau (P0M1), irigasi tetes + mulsa + 2 baris tanam + musim hujan (P2M2), irigasi tetes + mulsa + 4 baris tanam + musim ii hujan (P4M2), dan Kontrol (irigasi konvenisonal) + musim hujan (P0M2). Adapun parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, dan intensitas penyakit blas. Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam dan uji lanjut menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf 5% menggunakan software Microsoft Excel dan IBM SPSS Statistic 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem irigasi konvenional (P0) memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi yang meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan dibandingkan perlakuan sistem irigasi tetes (P2 dan P4). Perlakuan sistem irigasi tetes pada periode musim hujan (P2M2 dan P4M2) memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dibandingkan periode musim kemarau (P2M1 dan P4M1). Perlakuan sistem irigasi konvenional (P0) memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap perkembangan patogen penyebab penyakit blas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan sistem irigasi tetes (P2 dan P4). Perlakuan sistem irigasi tetes pada periode musim kemarau (P2M1 dan P4M1) memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap perkembangan patogen penyebab penyakit blas padi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan periode musim hujan (P2M2 dan P4M2).

English Abstract

Rice is a food crop which is the main staple food source in Indonesia. According to Food Consumption Statistics Data for 2022, food ingredients containing rice have a high average consumption in Indonesia, namely 93.95 kg/cap/year. This high figure indicates that rice plants play an important role in maintaining food security so that the productivity of rice plants needs to be considered so that people's rice needs are met However, in the rice production process there are problems caused by biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include pests and diseases, while abiotic factors include environmental conditions, such as water, temperature and humidity. The main abiotic factor that threatens rice production is water availability. Climate change causes the weather to become unpredictable, resulting in uncertainty about water availability. The application of a drip irrigation system can reduce water use for irrigation by up to 87-95%. The humidity of the plant environment is important in drip irrigation systems for rice plants. A cultivation technique that can be used to maintain soil moisture is the application of mulch. Pyricularia oryzae is a fungus that causes an important rice disease, namely blast disease. Rice plants infected with this disease will show symptoms on the leaves in the form of oval spots with pointed tips like rhombuses. The growing spots will disrupt the plant's photosynthesis process. This fungus can grow in environmental conditions that have high levels of humidity. This research was conducted from September to December 2023 at the Biological Control Laboratory 1, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang and the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, which is located in Griya Shanta Housing, Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java Province. Research methods consist of research preparation and research implementation. Research preparation consists of tilling the soil, making beds, basic fertilization, installing mulch, planting seeds, irrigation, replanting, and fertilizing. Meanwhile, the implementation of the research consists of determining observation points for plant samples, labeling samples, observing samples, and processing data. The research implementation consisted of 6 treatment combinations, which included drip irrigation + mulch + 2 planting rows + dry season (P2M1), drip irrigation + mulch + 4 planting rows + dry season (P4M1), Control (conventional irrigation) + dry season (P0M1 ), drip irrigation + mulch + 2 rows of planting + rainy season (P2M2), drip irrigation + mulch + 4 rows of planting + rainy season (P4M2), and Control (conventional irrigation) + rainy season (P0M2). The parameters observed included plant height, number of tillers, and blast disease intensity. Observational data were analyzed using variance and further tests using the Duncan Multiple iv Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5% using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. The research results showed that the conventional irrigation system treatment (P0) had a better effect on rice plant growth including plant height and number of tillers compared to the drip irrigation system treatment (P2 and P4). The treatment of the drip irrigation system in the rainy season (P2M2 and P4M2) had a better effect on plant growth compared to the dry season (P2M1 and P4M1). The conventional irrigation system treatment (P0) had a better effect on the development of pathogens that cause blast disease which was lower than the drip irrigation system treatment (P2 and P4). Treatment of the drip irrigation system during the dry season (P2M1 and P4M1) had a better effect on the development of pathogens that cause rice blast disease which was lower than during the rainy season (P2M2 and P4M2).

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040243
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	16 May 2024 08:02
Last Modified:	16 May 2024 08:02
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/219000

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