Kusumawati, Neda Prasiska and Dr. Dodyk Pranowo, STP, M.Si and Dian Siswanto, S.Si., M.Sc., M.Si., Ph.D (2024) Studi Kelayakan Pembuatan Biobriket Berbasis Limbah Kulit Singkong (Manihot esculenta) Sebagai Energi Alternatif Biomassa di Desa Pomahan Kecamatan Baureno Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Limbah adalah bahan pembuangan tidak terpakai yang berdampak negatif bagi masyarakat jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Limbah merupakan sisa produksi, baik dari alam maupun hasil kegiatan manusia. Menurut Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No.32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengolahan Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH), limbah adalah hasil dari sisa suatu kegiatan. Keadaan lingkungan akan terganggu jika hasil buangan dari hasill pengolahan baik rumah tangga maupun industri melebihi batas ambang toleransi lingkungan. Adanya limbah dapat memberikan dampak negatif bila tidak dikelola dengan baik . Desa Pomahan Kecamatan Baureno Kabupaten Bojonegoro memiliki Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah yang berbahan dasar singkong (UMKM). Olahan makanan ini menghasilkan limbah kulit singkong dan limbah kulit ari singkong. Pemanfaatan limbah atau sampah organik sebagai sumber energi alterntaif yang belum dimanfaatkan dapat menjadi solusi terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan energi yang ramah lingkungan. Limbah organik dari pengolahan tape singkong dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku biobriket dan nilai ekonominya. Penggunaan limbah kulit singkong ini akan mengurangi limbah hasil pengolahan kulit singkong yang semakin hari semakin menumpuk dan sebagai alternatif dari krisis energi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku biobriket. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, tujuan dari peneliti yaitu (1) menganalisis jumlah limbah yang menumpuk sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai biobriket. (2) menganalisis hambatan dalam pengolahan limbah kulit singkong menjadi biobriket. (3) menganalisis kelayakan biobriket dari segi ekonomi dan kualitas sebagai energi alternatif pengganti gas LPG.Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada Bulan Oktober - Desember 2023 . Lokasi yang digunakan untuk penelitian yaitu di Desa Pomahan Kecamatan Baureno Kabupaten Bojonegoro, di Laboratorium Kewirausahaan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya serta di Labolatorium Fakultas Mesin Universitas Brawijaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen dengan analisis data secara dekriptif kuantitatif. Metode dalam peneltian yaitu metode eksperimen dengan analisis data secara kuantitatif. Langkah awal metode ekperimen yaitu pemilihan alat dan bahan yang digunakan untuk pembuatan briket. Dengan 4 sampel limbah kulit singkong sebanyak 50 gram dengan perekat perbandingan 5%, 10 %, 15% dan 20 % dengan berat perekat sebesar 2,5 gram, 5 gram, 7,5 gram dan 10 gram. Setelah itu dilakukan uji briket dengan menguji kadar air, kadar abu dan nilai kalor dari briket. Kemudian analisi ekonomi dari briket. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebanyak 15 UMKM yang berada di Desa Pomahan yang berbahan dasar singkong kapasitas olah dari singkong sebesar 750 kg. Limbah kulit singkong hasil produksi diperoleh sejumlah 160 kg. Limbah kulit ari dari hasil olahan tape singkong dari 11 UMKM penghasil tape diperoleh 55 kg kulit ari singkong. Hambatan dalam pengolahan limbah yaitu biaya tetap dari peralatan alat yang digunakan untuk memproduksi briket limbah kulit singkong yang harganya mahal dan sulit dijangkau, pemahaman dari tenaga kerja dalam proses pembuatan briket merupakan suatu kendala dalam proses pembuatan briketmenunjukkan bahwa komponen terbaik yaitu 50 gram limbah kulit singkong dengan campuran perekat 5% maka dihasilkan nilai kalor sebesar 5337,83, serta kandungan kadar air yaitu 2,75 % dan kandungan kadar abu yaitu 8%. Perhitungan BEP, B/C, ROI dan PBP . Dengan BEP unit sebesar Rp. 173.832 dan BEP Rupiah sebesar Rp. 17.383.270 mencapai titip impas dengan keuntungan 38,4 % selama setahun sehingga dihasilkan pendapatan 1,16 kali lipat dengan biaya produksi sebesar 63.234.400 dan akan kembali sekitar 2,59 tahun atau 32 bulan. Dari aspek ekonomi dan energi briket dari limbah kulit singkong dan perekat kulit ari singkong layak untuk diproduksi
English Abstract
Waste is unused waste material that has a negative impact on society if not managed properly. Waste is the remainder of production, both from the nature and the result of human activities. According of the Law of The Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Processing (PPLH), waste is the result of the remainder of on activitity. The environmental condition will be disturbed if the waste products from processing, both domestic and industrial exceed the environmental tolerance threshold . The presence of waste can have a negative impact if it is not managed properly. Pomahan Village, Baureno District, Bojonegoro Regency has Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises based on cassava (MSMEs). This food processing produces cassava skin waste and cassava husk waste. Utilizing waste or organic waste as an untapped alternative energy source can be a solution to meeting environmentally friendly energy needs. Organic waste from processing cassava tape can be used as raw material for biobriquettes and has economic value. The use of cassava peel waste will reduce waste from processing cassava peels which is increasingly accumulating day by day and as an alternative to the energy crisis so that it can be used as raw material for biobriquettes. Based on this description, the objectives of the researchers are (1) to analyze the amount of waste that has accumulated so that it can be used as biobriquettes. (2) analyze the obstacles in processing cassava peel waste into biobriquettes. (3) analyze the feasibility of biobriquettes in terms of economics and quality as an alternative energy substitute for LPG gas. Pomahan Village, Baureno District, Bojonegoro Regency has UMKM that are made from cassava. This food processing produces cassava skin waste and cassava husk waste. Utilizing waste or organic waste as an alternative source of energy that has not been utilized can be a solution to meeting environmentally friendly energy needs Organic waste from processing cassava tape can be used as raw material for biobriquettes. Cassava peel waste can support its economic value when used as raw material for making biobriquettes.The use of cassava peel waste will reduce waste from processing cassava peels which is increasingly accumulating day by day and as an alternative to the energy crisis so that it can be used as raw material for biobriquettes. Based on this description, the aim of the researchers is first to analyze the amount of waste that has accumulated so that it can be used as biobriquettes. The second is analyzing the obstacles in processing cassava peel waste into biobriquettes. And thirdly, analyzing the feasibility of biobriquettes in terms of economics and quality as an alternative energy to replace LPG gas. The research will be carried out from October - December 2023. The locations used for the research were in Pomahan Village, Baureno District, Bojonegoro Regency, at the Agricultural Product Technology Entrepreneurship Laboratory at Brawijaya University and at the Brawijaya University Faculty of Engineering Laboratory. The research method used is an experimental method with quantitative descriptive data analysis. The research method is an experimental method with quantitative data analysis. The first step in the experimental method is selecting the tools and materials used to make briquettes. With 4 samples of cassava peel waste totaling 50 grams with adhesive ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with adhesive weights of 2.5 grams, 5 grams, 7.5 grams and 10 grams. After that, a briquette test is carried out by testing the water content, ash content and calorific value of the briquettes. With 4 samples of cassava peel waste totaling 50 grams with adhesive ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with adhesive weights of 2.5 grams, 5 grams, 7.5 grams and 10 grams. After that, a briquette test is carried out by testing the water content, ash content and calorific value of the briquettes. Then analyze the economics of briquettes. The results of research carried out by 15 MSMEs in Pomahan Village are based on cassava, the processing capacity of cassava is 750 kg. The cassava peel waste produced was 160 kg. From 11 tape producing MSMEs, 55 kg of cassava peel was obtained from the epidermis waste from processed cassava tape. Obstacles in waste processing are the fixed costs of the equipment used to produce cassava peel waste briquettes which are expensive and difficult to reach. Understanding the workforce in the briquette making process is an obstacle in the briquette making process. It shows that the best component is 50 grams of cassava peel waste with 5% adhesive mixture produces a calorific value of 5337.83, as well as a water content of 2.75% and an ash content of 8%. BEP, B/C, ROI and PBP calculations. With a unit BEP of Rp. 173.832 and Rupiah BEP of Rp. 17.383.270 to break even with a profit of 38,4% for a year resulting in 1.16 times the income with production costs of 63,234,400 and will be returned in around 2,59 year or 32 months. From economic and energy aspects, briquettes from cassava peel waste and cassava husk adhesive are feasible to produce.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | soegeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 07 May 2024 01:42 |
| Last Modified: | 07 May 2024 01:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/218902 |
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