Ratri., Shinta Novi Mestika and Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Latief Abadi, M.S. (2024) Keanekaragaman Jamur Filoplan Bawang Merah pada Lahan Organik dan Konvensional serta Potensi Antagonismenya terhadap Jamur Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Ungu (Alternaria Porri) secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penyakit bercak ungu merupakan salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Alternaria porri dan mampu menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi mencapai 50%. Upaya yang dilakukan petani dalam mengendalikan penyakit ini adalah menggunakan fungisida sintetik. Salah satu upaya alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan fungisida sintetik adalah melalui pemanfaatan agens hayati seperti jamur antagonis. Sehingga penting untuk dilakukan penelitian tentang potensi jamur filoplan bawang merah dalam mengendalikan patogen A. porri. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga Desember 2023 di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Penelitian ini terdiri dari eksplorasi dan percobaan. Eksplorasi jamur filoplan tanaman bawang merah pada lahan organik dan lahan konvensional. Percobaan dilakukan dengan melakukan uji antagonis isolat jamur filoplan dengan patogen A. porri. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel daun bawang merah, kemudian diencerkan mulai dari 10-1 hingga 10-5, setelah itu diisolasi hingga mendapatkan beberapa isolat jamur dan dipurifikasi. Dilanjutkan dengan melakukan uji antagonis jamur dengan A. porri, hasil pengamatan dicatat dan dihitung persentase daya hambatnya. Adapun variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi kelimpahan jamur, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi jenis, jari-jari A. porri, diameter jamur dan mekanisme antagonis. Data hasil eksplorasi dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan data jari-jari A. porri dan diameter jamur dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dengan taraf kesalahan 5%, apabila berbeda nyata, maka akan dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Seluruh data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 2.0. Kelimpahan jamur filoplan pada pengenceran 10-5, menunjukkan kelimpahan lahan organik memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi yaitu 16 x 106 cfu/ml dibandingkan dengan lahan konvensional yaitu 10 x 106 cfu/ml. Keanekaragaman lebih tinggi pada lahan konvensional dengan nilai H’ lahan organik sebesar 1,32, sedangkan pada lahan konvensional sebesar 0,92. Keseragaman lebih tinggi di lahan organik dengan nilai sebesar 0,63, sedangkan pada lahan konvensional sebesar 0,51. Dominansi jenis pada kedua lahan tinggi, lahan organik didominasi jamur Penicillium sp. dan lahan konvensional yang didominasi jamur Curvularia sp. Hasil eksplorasi menunjukkan terdapat 10 isolat jamur yang terdiri dari 6 genus yaitu Trichoderma sp., Curvularia sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., dan Penicillium sp. Berdasarkan hasil uji antagonis, diperoleh 5 isolat jamur filoplan yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen A. porri secara in vitro. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp.2, Penicillium sp.1, Penicillium sp.2, dan Penicillium sp.3. yang mampu menghambat A. porri sejak 4 HSI.
English Abstract
The purple blotch disease is one of the diseases caused by the pathogen Alternaria porri and can result in a 50% decrease in production yield. Farmers' efforts to control this disease involve the use of synthetic fungicides. Continuous use of synthetic fungicides can lead to other problems such as pathogen resistance and environmental pollution. One alternative approach to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides is through the utilization of biological agents like antagonistic fungi found in various parts of plants. It is also important to research on the potential of onion phylloplane fungi in controlling A. porri. This research was conducted from September to December 2023 at the Pest and Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The study consisted of exploration and experimentation. Exploration of onion phylloplane fungi was done in organic and conventional fields. The experiment involved testing the antagonistic activity of phylloplane fungal isolates against the A. porri pathogen. The stages of research were carried out starting from sampling of onion leaf, then making dilution ranging from 10-1 to 10-5, after that isolation to obtain several phylloplane fungi isolates and purifying fungi. This was followed by conducting an antagonism test between phylloplane fungi and A. porri, with observations recorded and the inhibitory power percentage calculated. Variables observed in this study included fungal abundance, diversity index, uniformity, species dominance, radius of A. porri, diameter phylloplane fungi, and antagonistic mechanisms. The exploration data were analyzed descriptively, while the radius of A. porri and phylloplane fungi diameter data were analyzed using variance analysis with a 5% error rate; if significantly different, further testing would be done using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a 5% error rate. All obtained data were processed using the SPSS 2.0 application. The research results showed higher fungal abundance in organic fields with a result of 16 x 106 cfu/ml compared to conventional land, which is 10 x 106 cfu/ml. Higher diversity observed in conventional land with the diversity index (H') of organic land being 1,32, while in conventional land, it is 0,92. Uniformity higher in organic land with a value of 0,63, whereas in conventional land, it is 0,51. Dominant species in both lands quite high, in organic land dominated by Penicillium sp., and conventional land is dominated by Curvularia sp. The exploration results reveal 10 fungal isolates comprising 6 genera: Trichoderma sp., Curvularia sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp. Based on antagonistic test results, 5 phylloplane fungal isolates were obtained that could inhibit the growth of the pathogenic A. porri in vitro. The isolates Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp.2, Penicillium sp.1, Penicillium sp.2, and Penicillium sp.3. were capable of inhibiting A. porri from 4 days after inoculation.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
---|---|
Identification Number: | 0524040174 |
Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
Date Deposited: | 25 Mar 2024 04:26 |
Last Modified: | 25 Mar 2024 04:26 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/217549 |
![]() |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
Shinta Novi Mestika Ratri.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Download (8MB) |
Actions (login required)
![]() |
View Item |