Nofia, Nita and Dr. Ir. Mintarto Martosudiro,, M.S. and Dr. Anton Muhibuddin,, S.P., M.P. (2024) Pencegahan Penyakit Kapang Kelabu yang Disebabkan oleh Botrytis cinerea pada Buah Stroberi (Fragaria sp.) dengan Memanfaatkan Edible Coating Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Komoditas hortikultura memiliki potensi yang besar karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Namun terdapat permasalahan mendasar yang dapat mempengaruhi rendahnya mutu komoditas hortikultura sehingga berimbas pada nilai ekonominya, salah satunya adalah serangan patogen pada fase pascapanen. Permasalahan patogen ini menyebabkan kehilangan hasil dan penurunan kualitas produk hingga 20-25%. Diantara semua jenis patogen pascapanen, patogen dari golongan jamur merupakan penyebab utama kerusakan pascapanen terutama pada buah stroberi. Penyakit pascapanen yang menyerang buah stroberi yaitu “kapang kelabu” yang disebabkan oleh Botrytis cinerea. Salah satu solusi untuk melindungi buah stroberi dari kerusakan biologis akibat patogen adalah penggunaan edible coating minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut. Minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan patogen jamur B. cinerea karena memiliki potensi sebagai antimikroba yang berasal dari senyawa citronellal. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian edible coating minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan jamur patogen B. cinerea secara in vitro, pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat keparahan penyakit dan bobot susut buah sehingga alternatif solusi ini nantinya dapat digunakan untuk melindungi buah stroberi dari kerusakan biologis pascapanen akibat B. cinerea sehingga buah stroberi pascapanen mempertahankan kualitasnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2023 di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Terpadu Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan pada pengujian in vitro dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali pada aplikasi buah. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari persiapan alat dan bahan, isolasi dan identifikasi makroskopis serta mikroskopis jamur B. cinerea, identifikasi molekuler, esktraksi daun jeruk purut, pembuatan emulsi edible coating, uji in vitro antijamur emulsi atsiri daun jeruk purut, variabel pengamatan meliputi laju pertumbuhan jamur patogen, diameter koloni, persentase penghambatan, dan berat kering miselium. Selanjutnya pengamatan abnormalitas miselium jamur, tingkat keparahan penyakit pada buah stroberi uji, bobot susut buah, dan analisis data statistik. Hasil penelitian diperoleh isolat D2 (Botrytis cinerea) dengan tingkat kemiripan jamur sebesar 99,81% dengan isolat B. cinerea CF95 yang ada di data GenBank. Penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan emulsi edible coating minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut secara in vitro dengan konsentrasi 0,10%, 0,15% dan 0,20% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan patogen jamur Botrytis cinerea hingga 100%. Nilai ini tergolong dalam kategori penghambatan sangat kuat. Hasil aplikasi edible coating minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut pada buah stroberi mampu memperlambat masa inkubasi, menurunkan intensitas penyakit dan laju perkembangan jamur B. cinerea. Penggunaan edible coating dengan konsentrasi minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut tertinggi (0,20%) mampu mencegah persentase penyusutan bobot buah hingga 0,17% selama 8 hari penyimpanan.
English Abstract
Horticultural commodities have great potential because they have high economic value. However, there are fundamental problems that can affect the low quality of horticultural commodities so that it impacts their economic value, one of which is pathogen attacks in the post-harvest phase. This pathogen problem causes yield loss and a decrease in product quality of up to 20-25%. Among all types of post-harvest pathogens, fungal pathogens are the main cause of post-harvest damage, especially to strawberries. The post-harvest disease that attacks strawberry fruit is gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. One solution to protect strawberry fruit from biological damage due to pathogens is the use of edible coating of kaffir lime leaf essential oil. Kaffir lime leaf essential oil can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogen B. cinerea because it has the potential as an antimicrobial derived from citronellal compounds. Therefore, kaffir lime leaf essential oil edible coating research was conducted to determine its effect on the growth of fungal pathogen B. cinerea in vitro, its effect on disease severity and fruit shrinkage weight so that this alternative solution can later be used to protect strawberry fruit from post-harvest biological damage due to B. cinerea so that post-harvest strawberry fruit maintains its quality. This research was conducted from March to October 2023 at the Plant Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, and the Integrated Laboratory of Universitas Brawijaya. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replicates in vitro testing and repeated 3 times in fruit application. The research stages consisted of the preparation of tools and materials, isolation and macroscopic and microscopic identification of B. cinerea fungi, molecular identification, extraction of kaffir lime leaves, making edible coating emulsions, anti-fungal in vitro tests of kaffir lime leaf essential emulsions, observations including the growth rate of pathogenic fungi, colony diameter, percentage inhibition, and dry weight of mycelium. Furthermore, observations of fungal mycelium abnormality, disease severity on test strawberry fruit, fruit shrinkage weight, fruit shelf life, and statistical data analysis. The results obtained isolate D2 (Botrytis cinerea) with a fungal similarity level of 99.81% with B. cinerea CF95 isolate in GenBank data. The study showed that the treatment of kaffir lime leaf essential oil edible coating emulsion in vitro with concentrations of 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% was able to inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea up to 100%. This value is classified as a very strong inhibition category. The results of the application of kaffir lime leaf essential oil edible coating on strawberry fruit were able to slow down the incubation period, reduce disease intensity and the rate of development of B. cinerea fungus. Edible coating with the highest concentration of kaffir lime leaf essential oil (0.20%) was able to prevent the percentage of fruit weight shrinkage up to 0.17% during 8 days of storage.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0424040019 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Mar 2024 02:30 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Mar 2024 02:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/217525 |
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