Identifikasi dan Kepadatan Populasi Hama Burik Kusam pada Pertanaman Jeruk di Malang: Pengaruh Cara Budidaya, Kondisi Habitat, serta Komposisi Lanskap.

Salamah., Luklu Is and Akhmad Rizali, S.P., M.Si., Ph.D (2024) Identifikasi dan Kepadatan Populasi Hama Burik Kusam pada Pertanaman Jeruk di Malang: Pengaruh Cara Budidaya, Kondisi Habitat, serta Komposisi Lanskap. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanaman jeruk merupakan tanaman yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Namun dalam budidayanya seringkali mengalami kendala akibat adanya serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Salah satu OPT tersebut adalah hama burik kusam yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada buah jeruk dengan gejala kulit berwarna coklat, terkadang terdapat bintil, buah menjadi kasar, atau adanya penghambatan pertumbuhan buah. Keberadaan hama burik kusam dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti cara budidaya, kondisi habitat, dan komposisi lanskap. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji karakteristik lanskap, identifikasi dan kepadatan populasi tiap spesies hama burik kusam, pengaruh cara budidaya berupa frekuensi aplikasi pestisida, pemangkasan tanaman jeruk, kondisi habitat berupa umur tanaman dan ketinggian tempat serta komposisi lanskap terhadap kepadatan populasi hama burik kusam pada pertanaman jeruk di Malang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2023-Januari 2024 pada perkebunan jeruk yang tersebar dalam 9 desa di Kecamatan Dau, Kecamatan Bumiaji, dan Kecamatan Poncokusumo di Malang Raya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menentukan lokasi dan plot pengamatan melalui metode survey pada lahan yang berbeda berdasarkan kriteria. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara langsung dengan bantuan kaca pembesar perbesaran 10x. Kemudian diidentifikasi dan dokumentasi. Pengambilan data variabel cara budidaya dan kondisi habitat dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada petani/pemilik lahan. Data kondisi habitat berupa ketinggian diperoleh melalui perangkat lunak google earth. Pemetaan dan komposisi lanskap dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak QGIS serta dilakukan analisis LecoS untuk mendapatkan nilai jumlah patch (NP) dan class area (CA). Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis Generalized Linear Models (GLM) menggunakan Rstudio. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakteristik lanskap dengan beberapa kategori penggunaan lahan, yaitu habitat semi alami, pertanaman jeruk, pertanian semusim, permukiman, perternakan, dan lahan terbuka. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan spesies dan kepadatan populasi tiap spesies hama burik kusam. Adapun spesies hama burik kusam yang ditemukan adalah kutu sisik ungu Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) dan kutu sisik merah Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), tungau merah jeruk Panonychus citri McGregor, serta Thrips javanicus Priesner. Kepadatan populasi hama burik kusam didominasi oleh tungau P. citri dengan jumlah 1218 individu. Cara budidaya berupa frekuensi aplikasi pestisida berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi kutu sisik merah A. aurantii, sedangkan frekuensi pemangkasan tidak berpengaruh pada tiap spesies hama burik kusam. Selain itu, ketinggian tempat juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi tiap spesies hama burik kusam. Namun pada umur tanaman hanya berpengaruh terhadap salah satu spesies hama burik kusam yaitu A. aurantii. Komposisi lanskap berupa NP pertanaman jeruk hanya berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi A. aurantii pada pertanaman jeruk di Malang.

English Abstract

Citrus plants are plants that have high economic value. However, in its cultivation, it often has problems due to the attack of plant pest organisms (OPT). One of these pests is the pest that causes freckless skin pest which is damage to citrus fruit with symptoms of brown skin, sometimes there are pustules, the fruit becomes rough, or there is inhibition of fruit growth. The abundance of pests that cause burik dull can be influenced by several factors such as cultivation practices, habitat conditions, and landscape composition.Based on this, this research was conducted to examine the characteristics of the landscape, identification and population density of each species of freckless skin pests, the effect of cultivation practices such as frequency of pesticide application, pruning of citrus plants, habitat conditions in the form of plant age and altitude, and landscape composition on the population density of freckless skin pests in citrus plantations in Malang. The research was done in November 2023-January 2024 in citrus plantations distributed in 9 villages in Dau District, Bumiaji District, and Poncokusumo District in Malang Raya. The research was done by determining the location and observation plots through survey methods on different lands based on criteria. Sampling was done directly with the help of a 10x magnification magnifying glass. Then identified and documented. Data collection on variables of cultivation practices and habitat conditions was carried out by interviewing farmers/landowners. Habitat condition data in the form of altitude was collected through google earth software. Mapping and landscape composition were carried out using QGIS software and LecoS analysis to obtain the value of the number of patches (NP) and class area (CA). Data analysis was carried out with Generalized Linear Models (GLM) analysis using Rstudio. Based on the results of the research, it was found that there were differences in landscape characteristics with several land use categories, namely semi-natural habitats, citrus crops, annual farms, residency, farm animals, and open land. In other cases, there are differences in species and population densities of each species of freckless skin pests. The freckless skin pest species found were purple scale Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) and California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), citrus red mite Panonychus citri McGregor, and Thrips javanicus Priesner. The population density of freckless skin pests was dominated by P. citri mites with a total of 1218 individuals. Cultivation practices in the frequency of pesticide application had an effect on the population density of the California red scale A. aurantii, while the frequency of pruning had no effect on each species of freckless skin pests. In another case, the altitude of the place also had no effect on the population density of each species of freckless skin pests. However, plant age only affected one species of freckless skin pests, namely A. aurantii. Landscape composition in the form of NP of citrus plantations only affects the population density of A. aurantii in citrus plantations in Malang.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040156
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	27 Mar 2024 06:07
Last Modified:	27 Mar 2024 06:07
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/217493

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