Keanekaragaman Jamur Endofit Daun Tanaman Sawi Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) di Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Konvensional.

Anggraini, Laili Fitria and Dr. Ir. Mintarto Martosudiro,, MS. and Fery Abdul Choliq,, SP., MP., M.Sc. (2024) Keanekaragaman Jamur Endofit Daun Tanaman Sawi Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) di Lahan Pertanian Organik dan Konvensional. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Sawi menjadi salah satu komoditas sayuran yang banyak diminati oleh konsumen, dan setiap tahunnya tanaman sawi mengalami peningkatan permintaan. Di Indonesia tanaman sawi dapat dibudidayakan dengan sistem pertanian organik dan konvensional. Adanya praktek budidaya yang diterapkan oleh petani tentunya akan berpengaruh pada hasil produksi tanaman dan komponen ekosistem salah satunya keberadaan mikroorganisme seperti jamur yang terdapat dalam jaringan tanaman atau biasa dikenal dengan jamur endofit. Keanekaragaman jamur endofit dapat dipengaruhi berbagai faktor salah satunya dari pola penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Saat ini banyak petani dalam budidaya sawi mulai menerapkan sistem pertanian organik, namun masih banyak juga petani yang menerapkan pertanian konvensional. Pertanian organik dinilai lebih ramah lingkungan karena meminimalkan input bahan kimia sehingga menciptakan kondisi yang baik untuk mendukung keberadaan jamur endofit. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan keanekaragaman jamur endofit pada daun tanaman sawi yang dibudidayakan dengan sistem pertanian organik dan konvensional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2023, dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama Penyakit Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Pandaan, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Adapun tempat pengambilan sampel daun tanaman sawi di lahan pertanian organik yang terletak di Kampung Organik Brenjonk, Desa Penanggungan, Kecamatan Trawas, Kabupaten Mojokerto, dan pada lahan pertanian konvensional di Desa Kemiri, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Mojokerto. Prosedur penelitian meliputi survei dan pengambilan data, pengambilan sampel tanaman, isolasi jamur endofit, purifikasi jamur endofit, pembuatan preparat, identifikasi jamur endofit, serta perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dan indeks dominasi (C) jamur endofit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ditemukannya 10 spesies dengan 5 genus jamur endofit pada lahan organik yaitu Curvularia sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., dan Aspergillus sp. Sedangkan pada lahan konvensional didapatkan 7 spesies dengan 3 genus jamur endofit yaitu Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., dan Aspergillus sp. Berdasarkan perhitungan tingkat keanekaragaman, didapatkan hasil bahwa pada lahan organik dan konvensional memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman sedang dan indeks dominasi yang rendah. Akan tetapi tingkat keanekaragaman jamur endofit pada lahan organik lebih tinggi daripada lahan konvensional, sedangkan hasil indeks dominasi pada lahan organik lebih rendah daripada lahan konvensional.

English Abstract

Mustard greens are one of the vegetable commodities that are in great demand by consumers, and every year mustard greens experience an increase in demand. In Indonesia, mustard greens can be cultivated using organic and conventional farming systems. The cultivation practices implemented by farmers will of course have an impact on crop production and ecosystem components, one of which is the presence of microorganisms such as fungi found in plant tissue or commonly known as endophytic fungi. The diversity of endophytic fungi can be influenced by various factors, one of which is different land use patterns. Currently, many farmers in mustard cultivation are starting to apply organic farming systems, but there are still many farmers who apply conventional farming. Organic farming is considered more environmentally friendly because it minimizes chemical input, thereby creating good conditions to support the existence of endophytic fungi. Thus, the aim of this research is to determine the differences in the diversity of endophytic fungi in the leaves of mustard greens cultivated using organic and conventional farming systems. This research was carried out from September to December 2023, and was carried out at the Pandaan Food Crop and Horticulture Pest and Disease Observation Laboratory, Pasuruan, East Java. The locations for taking mustard leaf samples were on organic agricultural land located in Brenjonk Organic Village, Penanggungan Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, and on conventional agricultural land in Kemiri Village, Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency. Research procedure include surveys and data collection, plant sampling, isolation of endophytic fungi, purification of endophytic fungi, preparation of preparations, identification of endophytic fungi, as well as calculation of the diversity index (H') and dominance index (C) of endophytic fungi. The results of this research show that 10 species with 5 genera of endophytic fungi were found on organic land, namely Curvularia sp., Nigrospora sp., Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Aspergillus sp. Meanwhile, on conventional land, 7 species were found with 3 genera of endophytic fungi, namely Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Based on the calculation of the level of diversity, the results showed that organic and conventional land had a medium level of diversity and a low dominance index. However, the level of diversity of endophytic fungi on organic land is higher than on conventional land, while the dominance index results on organic land are lower than on conventional land.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040155
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	27 Mar 2024 06:04
Last Modified:	27 Mar 2024 06:04
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/217492

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