Muhartatik, Triana and Prof.Dr.Ir. Siti Chuzaemi,, MS., IPU., ASEAN Eng., and Prof. Dr.Ir. M. Halim Natsir,, S.Pt., MP., IPM., ASEAN Eng and Dr. Ir. Marjuki,, M.Sc (2024) Fitobiotik Daun Mucuna Pruriens Sebagai Aditif Pakan Domba. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mendapatkan jenis pelarut efektif untuk ekstraksi daun Mucuna pruriens (2) Mendapatkan bentuk sediaan (ekstrak dan tepung) dan dosis saponin (3) Mendapatkan bukti pengaruh saponin daun Mucuna pruriens dapat meningkatkan kecernaan dan produktivitas domba. Penelitian terdiri dari 3 tahap. Metode Penelitian I merupakan percobaan laboratorium ekstraksi daun Mucuna pruriens menggunakan 3 jenis pelarut yaitu aquades (E1), metanol (E2) dan kombinasi (E3) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi jenis dan jumlah senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak terutama saponin. Metode pada Penelitian II yaitu percobaan laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola tersarang (nested) 2 perlakuan sediaan saponin dalam bentuk tepung (S1) dan ekstrak (S2) dan 5 level dosis saponin (0%, 0,025%, 0,05%, 0,075% dan 0,1%), 3 kali run sebagai kelompok dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel yang diamati meliputi degradabilitas bahan kering (RDBK), bahan organik (RDBO), serat kasar (RDSK) didalam rumen dan kecernaan BK (KcBK), BO (KcBO) dan SK (KcSK), profil VFA, rasio A/P, konsentrasi NH3 dan populasi protozoa. Metode penelitian III yaitu percobaan eksperimental di lapang dan di uji menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan (independen t test) 2 perlakuan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah penambahan 0,05% saponin dari tepung daun Mucuna pruriens (P1) dan kontrol (P0). Variabel yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, kecernaan, dan konsumsi nutrien tercerna BK, BO, PK dan SK, retensi N, profil VFA, rasio A/P, konsentrasi NH3, populasi protozoa, pertambahan bobot badan (PBBH), Feed Conversión Ratio (FCR), efisiensi pakan, Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) dan rasio Return/Cost (R/C). Data Penelitian I dan II dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan apabila terdapat perbedaan diuji dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan’s (UJBD) sedangkan penelitian III diuji menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil Penelitian I menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan jumlah kandungan senyawa aktif ekstrak daun Mucuna pruriens optimal pada ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Hasil Penelitian II menunjukkan nilai degradabilitas pakan didalam rumen, kecernaan dan profil VFA secara in vitro mempunyai nilai tertinggi pada pemberian saponin dalam bentuk sediaan tepung daun Mucuna pruriens dengan dosis 0,05% yaitu RDBK (56,48%), RDBO (56,51%), RDSK (54,64%%), KcBK (65,95%), KcBO (65,86%), VFA total (77,71 mM) dan propionat (21,57 mM). Hasil Penelitian III menunjukkan penambahan 0,05% saponin tepung daun Mucuna pruriens pada pakan domba memberikan kecernaan, produktivitas dan nilai ekonomi yang optimal yaitu mempunyai nilai 67,93% KcBK, 60,87% KcBO, 75,12% KcPK dan 62,69% KcSK. Konsentrasi total VFA didapatkan sebesar 122,26 mM, konsentrasi asetat, propionat dan butirat berturut - turut 73,52; 40,01; 8,73 mM juga persentase asetat, propionte, butirat masing - masing 60,10%; 32,71; 7,19%. Rasio A/P didapatkan sebesar 1,85, konsentrasi NH3 3,19 mM dan populasi protozoa 1,85 x 103 sel/ml cairan rumen. Retensi N didapatkan sebesar 1,32 g/BB0,75/h, PBBH 152,98 g/e/h, FCR 5,02, efisiensi pakan 0,2, IOFC Rp. 7.462,77/e/h dan rasio R/C 3,3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan penambahan saponin dari daun Mucuna pruriens meningkatkan fermentabilitas, kecernaan dan produktivitas domba. Penambahan saponin dari tepung daun Mucuna pruriens disarankan maksimal pada dosis 0,05% saponin atau sebanyak 4% dalam bentuk tepung daun (dalam bahan kering).
English Abstract
This research aimed to (1) Obtain an effective solvent for Mucuna pruriens leaf extraction (2) Obtain saponin preparations form (extract and meal) and saponin dose (3) Proving the effect of Mucuna pruriens leaf saponins can increase digestibility and productivity of sheep. First research method was a laboratory experiment on extracting Mucuna pruriens leaves using 3 types of solvents as treatments and six replications, namely distilled water (E1), metanol (E2) and combination (E3) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variables observed included the type and amount of active compound in the extract especially saponnins. Second research method was a laboratory experiment using a nested Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatments of saponin preparations in the form of meal (S1) and extract (S2) and 5 levels of saponin dosage, 3 runs as a group repeated 3 times. Variables observed included rumen degradability of dry matter (RDDM), organic matter (RDOM), crude fiber (RDCF) and digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD) and crude fiber (CFD), VFA profile, acetate propionate (A/P) ratio, NH3 concentration and protozoa population. Third research method was an experimental study in the field and tested using independent t test 2 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were 0.05% saponin additions from Mucuna pruriens leaves meal (P1) and control (P0). Variables observed included intake of dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), crude fiber (CFI) and digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD), crude fiber (CFD), intake digestible of dry matter (IDDM), organic matter (IDOM), crude protein (IDCP) and crude fiber (IDCF), N retention, VFA profile, A/P ratio, NH3 concentration, protozoa population, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency, Income over Feed Cost (IOFC) and return to cost (R/C) ratio. Data first and second research were analyzed with ANOVA and the differences continued with DMRT test and third research tested by independent t test. The first research results showed type and content of active compounds in Mucuna pruriens leaf extract were optimal for extraction using metanol solvent. The second research results showed the nutrien degradability in the rumen, digestibility and VFA profile by in vitro had the highest value in the form of Mucuna pruriens saponins meal at 0.05% dose level, namely RDDM (56.59%), RDOM (56.51%), RDCF (54.64%%), DMD (65.95%), OMD (65.86%), total VFA (77.71 mM) and propionate (21.57 mM). The third research results showed the addition of 0.05% saponin from Mucuna pruriens leaves meal in the sheep rations provided optimal digestibility, productivity and economic values were 67.93% DMD, 60.87% OMD, 75.12% CPD and 62.69 % CFD. The total VFA concentration was found to be 122.26 mM, the concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate respectively were 73.52; 40.01; 8.73 mM also the percentage of acetate, propionte, butyrate respectively were 60.10%; 32.71; 7.19%. The A/P ratio was found to be 1.85, the NH3 concentration was 3.19 mM and the protozoa population was 1.85 x 103 cells/ml rumen fluid. N retention was found to be 1.32 g/BW0.75/d, 152.98 g/h/d ADG, 5.02 FCR, 0.2 feed efficiency, IDR 7,462.77/h/d IOFC and 3.3 R/C ratio. Based on results, it can be concluded that the addition of saponin from Mucuna pruriens leaves increases the fermentability, digestibility and sheep productivity. The recommended addition of saponin from Mucuna pruriens leaves meal were maximum 0.05% saponin dose or 4% leaves meal (dry matter based).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0624050002 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Mar 2024 04:28 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Mar 2024 04:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/217400 |
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