Optimasi Ekstraksi Minyak Bekatul Menggunakan Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) dengan Stabilisasi Pemanasan Kering.

Yaqin, Maulana A’inul and Dr. Dodyk Pranowo,, STP,M.Si and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sukardi,, MS. (2024) Optimasi Ekstraksi Minyak Bekatul Menggunakan Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) dengan Stabilisasi Pemanasan Kering. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Minyak bekatul merupakan minyak sehat karena mengandung banyak nutrisi seperti protein, vitamin B kompleks, vitamin E (atocopherol dan tocotrienol), vitamin K dan gamma oryzanol. Gamma oryzanol adalah komponen khas karena mampu menunjukkan kemampuan biologis dan fisiologis seperti menurunkan kolesterol terol serum, anti-oksidasi, anti-karsinogenik dan untuk meredakan peradangan alergi. Minyak bekatul mudah untuk diekstrak namun karena memiliki enzim lipase sehingga diperlukan pretreatment seperti stabilisasi untuk menginaktivasi enzim dan menghindari terjadinya kerusakan serta membutuhkan formula ekstraksi yang tepat agar menghasilkan minyak bekatul yang optimal. Proses stabilisasi dilakukan menggunakan teknik pemanasan kering dengan cabinet dryer pada suhu 50°C. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor waktu dengan lima perlakuan (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 menit) dan dilakukan pengulangan tiga kali. Kemudian dilakukan uji rendemen, FFA dan kandungan gamma oryzanol. Perhitungan kadar air dan laju pengeringan juga dilakukan selama proses stabilisasi serta pengujian warna minyak bekatul yang dihasilkan dari setiap variasi waktu stabilisasi. Bekatul dengan kualitas terbaik diuji kadar FFA sebanyak 7 kali setiap tiga hari selama 18 hari. Seiring berjalannya pengujian tersebut, bekatul stabilisasi terbaik diekstraksi dengan Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Pada tahap ini, optimasi ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Faktor yang digunakan yakni amplitudo UAE dan volume pelarut metanol dengan respon rendemen, total fenol, aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) dan gamma oryzanol. Selanjutnya minyak bekatul hasil solusi optimal di uji warna untuk melihat perbandingannya dengan minyak stabilisasi dan minyak kontrol. Adapun penelitian ini hanya sampai pada produksi minyak bekatul dalam bentuk crude oil. Hasil penelitian pertama, stabilisasi teknik kering dengan lama waktu 60 menit berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen, FFA dan gamma oryzanol. Perlakuan stabilisasi terbaik selama 60 menit menghasilkan rendemen 10,63%, FFA 0,374% dan gamma oryzanol 17,33 mg/kg dengan laju pengeringan 0,119 gr H2O/gr sampel.menit dan warna L=20,44; a*=9,54; b*=3,13; ΔE=16,185. Hasil pengujian ketahanan sampel selama penyimpanan berdasarkan nilai FFA menunjukan nilai FFA terstabilisasi sangat aman pada hari ke 0;3;6;9;12;15;18 dengan nilai berturut-turut 0,374%; 0,449%; 0,561%; 0,748%; 0,935%; 1,271%; 1,384%. Apabila melihat kadar FFA bekatul kontrol pada hari ke-15 sudah melebihi batas standar 5% (5,272%). Penelitian kedua yakni ekstraksi metode UAE menunjukkan hasil optimasi RSM dengan faktor amplitudo sebesar 80% dan pelarut metanol 9,3 ml menghasilkan rendemen 14,993%, aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) 144,388 ppm, total fenol 74,108 mg GAE/g, dan gamma oryzanol 26,857mg/kg dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0,935. Pada tahap verifikasi menunjukkan perbandingan prediksi dan data aktual telah sesuai dengan akurasi rata-rata 99,514%. Pada pengujian warna minyak bekatul hasil optimal memiliki nilai warna L=24,04; a*=8,13; b*=12,78; dan ΔE=5,987.

English Abstract

Rice bran oil is a healthy oil because it contains many nutrients such as protein, vitamin B complex, vitamin E (atocopherol and tocotrienol), vitamin K and gamma oryzanol. Gamma oryzanol is a typical component because it is able to exhibit biological and physiological capabilities such as lowering serum cholesterol, anti-oxidation, anti-carcinogenicity and to relieve allergic inflammation. Rice bran oil is easy to extract, but because it has the lipase enzyme, pretreatment such as stabilization is needed to inactivate the enzyme and avoid damage and requires the right extraction formula to produce optimal rice bran oil. The stabilization process was carried out using a dry heating technique with a dyer cabinet at a temperature of 50°C. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one time factor with five treatments (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes) and repeated three times. Then the yield, FFA and gamma oryzanol content tests were carried out. Calculations of water content and drying rate were also carried out during the stabilization process as well as testing the color of rice bran oil produced from each variation in stabilization time. The best quality rice bran is tested for FFA levels 7 times every three days for 18 days. As the FFA content testing progressed for 18 days, selected stabilized rice bran with the best quality was taken to continue extraction with Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). At this stage, extraction optimization is carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. The factors used were amplitude and volume of methanol solvent with yield response, total phenol, antioxidant activity (IC50) and gamma oryzanol. Next, the rice bran oil resulting from the optimal solution was tested for color to see the comparison with stabilized oil and control oil. This research only covers the production of rice bran oil in the form of crude oil. The results of the first study, dry technique stabilization with a duration of 60 minutes had a significant effect on the yield, FFA and gamma oryzanol. The best stabilization treatment for 60 minutes produced a yield of 10.63%, FFA 0.374% and gamma oryzanol 17.33 mg/kg with a drying rate of 0.119 gr H20/gr sample.minute and color L, a*, b*, ΔE respectively 20.44; 9.54; 3.13; 16,185. The results of testing the durability of the samples during storage based on the FFA value showed that the stabilized FFA value was very safe on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 with consecutive values of 0.374%; 0.449%; 0.561%; 0.748%; 0.935%; 1.271%; 1.384%. If you look at the FFA content of control rice bran on the 15th day it has exceeded the standard limit of 5% (5.272%). The second research, namely the UAE extraction method, showed RSM optimization results with an amplitude factor of 80% and 9.3 ml methanol solvent resulting in a yield of 14.993%, antioxidant activity (IC50) 144.388 ppm, total phenol 74.108 mg GAE/g, and gamma oryzanol 26.857 mg/g. kg with a desirability value of 0.935. The verification stage shows that the comparison of predictions and actual data is in accordance with an average accuracy of 99.514%. In testing the color of rice bran oil, the optimal results had color values L, a*, b*, and ΔE respectively 24.04; 8.13; 12.78 and 5.987.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	042410
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Minyak bekatul, Optimasi, Stabilisasi kering, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Teknik Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	06 Mar 2024 06:26
Last Modified:	06 Mar 2024 06:26
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216910

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