Gultom, Yoan Laurencius and Prof. Dr. Ir. Mochtar Lutfi Rayes,, M.Sc. (2024) Kajian Ketersediaan Unsur Hara Mikro (Fe, Cu, dan Zn) pada Lahan Sawah dengan Perlakuan Pengelolaan Air dan Bahan Organik di Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Lahan sawah merupakan lahan basah dengan kondisi lahan tergenang terus-menerus yang umumnya ditanami tanaman padi. Tanaman padi dapat tumbuh di lahan tergenang karena tanaman padi memiliki sistem perakaran serabut yang memiliki saluran aerenchym yang berperan dalam penyediaan oksigen di dalam akar, selain itu akar tanaman padi juga berperan dalam penyerapan unsur hara di dalam tanah. Tanaman padi menyerap unsur hara makro untuk pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Selain unsur hara makro, unsur hara mikro juga diserap oleh tanaman padi meski dalam jumlah sedikit. Unsur hara mikro memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman padi, kekurangan maupun kelebihan unsur hara mikro dapat menyebabkan gejala yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Kekurangan maupun kelebihan unsur hara mikro dipengaruhi kondisi tanah yang tergenang terus-menerus yang menyebabkan perubahan ketersediaan unsur hara mikro Fe, Cu, dan Zn. Penggenangan terus menerus dapat menyebabkan keracunan Fe, Cu, dan Zn pada tanah sawah. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan metode pengelolaan air AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) dan MiDi (Mid-Season Drainage) dengan penambahan bahan organik jerami untuk mengatasi keracunan unsur hara mikro Fe, Cu, dan Zn pada tanah sawah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2022 hingga Mei 2023 di Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian Pati, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu perlakuan pengelolaan air sebagai berikut 1) pengairan tergenang secara terus menerus atau CF, 2) pengairan basah kering atau AWD-25 cm, 3) pengairan pengeringan pertengahan musim atau MiDi. Faktor kedua yaitu penambahan bahan organik jerami. Varietas padi yang digunakan adalah Inpari 32 dan plot percobaan berukuran 4 m x 4 m yang dilapisi plastik sedalam 40 cm untuk mengurangi rembesan ke samping. Parameter pengamatan meliputi unsur hara mikro (Fe, Cu, dan Zn) KTK, C-Organik, tekstur tanah, pH tanah, serta produksi padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan CF, AWD, dan MiDi dan penambahan bahan organik serta interaksi antara kedua perlakuan menunjukkan hasil tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH, KTK, C-Organik tanah serta ketersediaan unsur hara Fe, Cu, dan Zn pada fase vegetatif maksimum dan masa panen pada tanah sawah. Perlakuan MiDi dengan penambahan bahan organik mampu meningkatkan pH, dan C-Organik tanah setelah perlakuan dan perlakuan AWD dengan penambahan bahan organik meningkatkan KTK tanah. Perlakuan MiDi tanpa penambahan bahan organik mampu menurunkan Fe sebesar 56,98% dan Cu sebesar 12,8%, namun meningkatkan Zn sebesar 4,64%. Perlakuan CF dengan penambahan bahan organik jerami memperoleh hasil Gabah Kering Panen (GKP) tertinggi yaitu sebesar 7,88 ton/ha dan Gabah Kering Giling (GKG) yaitu 6,26 ton/ha.
English Abstract
Paddy fields are wetlands with continuously flooded conditions which are generally planted with rice plants. Rice plants can grow in flooded land because rice plants have a fibrous root system which has aerenchymal channels which play a role in providing oxygen in the roots, apart from that, rice plant roots also play a role in absorbing nutrients in the soil. Rice plants absorb macro nutrients for the growth of rice plants. Apart from macro nutrients, micro nutrients are also absorbed by rice plants, although in small quantities. Micronutrients have an important role in the growth of rice plants, deficiencies or excesses of micronutrients can cause symptoms that impact the growth of rice plants. Deficiencies or excesses of micronutrients are caused by conditions of soil that are continuously flooded, which causes changes in the availability of micronutrients Fe, Cu and Zn. Continuous flooding can cause Fe, Cu and Zn poisoning in rice fields. Therefore, AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) and MiDi (Mid-Season Drainage) water management methods are needed with the addition of organic straw to overcome the poisoning of the micronutrients Fe, Cu and Zn in paddy fields. The research was carried out from October 2022 to May 2023 at the Pati Agricultural Environmental Research Institute, Central Java. This research was structured using a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor is the water management treatment as follows: 1) continuous stagnant irrigation or CF, 2) wet-dry irrigation or AWD-25 cm, 3) mid-season drying irrigation or MiDi. The second factor is the addition of straw organic material. The rice variety used was Inpari 32 and the experimental plot measuring 4 m x 4 m was covered with plastic to a depth of 40 cm to reduce seepage to the sides. Observation parameters include micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, and Zn) CEC, C-Organic, soil texture, soil pH, and rice production. The results showed that the CF, AWD, and MiDi treatments and the addition of organic material as well as the interaction between the two treatments showed that the results had no significant effect on soil pH, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), C-Organic and the availability of Fe, Cu, and Zn nutrients in the maximum vegetative phase and mass. Harvesting in paddy fields. MiDi treatment with the addition of organic material was able to increase the pH and C-Organic of the soil after treatment and AWD treatment with the addition of organic material increased the CEC of the soil. MiDi treatment without the addition of organic matter was able to reduce Fe by 56.98% and Cu by 12.8%, but increased Zn by 4.64%. CF treatment with the addition of straw organic material obtained the highest yield of Harvested Dry Grain, namely 7.88 tonnes/ha and Milled Dry Grain namely 6.26 tonnes/ha.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040130 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Feb 2024 02:24 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Feb 2024 02:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216316 |
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