Gaol, Petrus Hot Asi Marbun Lumban and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Rahayu Utami,, M.Sc. (2023) Emisi Gas CH4 di Lahan Sawah Dengan Aplikasi Bahan Organik Jerami Kering dan Sistem Irigasi Yang Berbeda Di Kabupaten Pati. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sektor pertanian menyumbangkan sekitar 14% dari total emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dunia. Sektor pertanian di Indonesia menyumbang 26% dari total emisi gas rumah kaca dengan 46,2% emisi gas berasal dari lahan sawah. Dekomposisi anaerobic oleh mikroorganisme tanah yang terjadi di perakaran tanaman padi menjadi faktor utama peningkatan CH4. Sawah yang tergenang terus menerus (Continuously Flooded) dari pemberian air irigasi serta aplikasi bahan organik menjadi sumber utama produksi CH4. Solusi untuk menurunkan emisi gas CH4 yaitu dengan pengelolaan irigasi yang memperhatikan fase tanaman seperti fase pembentukan anakan dan pengisian bulir malai sehingga pada saat tertentu lahan dibiarkan dalam keadaan macak-macak. Pengaturan sistem irigasi dengan kondisi macak-macak dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan teknik irigasi AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) dan MiDi (Mid-Season Drainage). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh irigasi dan bahan organik jerami kering terhadap emisi dan fluks CH4, serta hubungan antara fluks gas CH4 dengan kadar C-Organik tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2022 hingga Juli 2023 di lahan percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu sistem irigasi dan bahan organik. Faktor perlakuan sistem irigasi dibagi menjadi 3 jenis sistem irigasi yaitu Continuous Flooding (CF), Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), dan Mid-Season Drainage (MiDi). Faktor perlakuan bahan organik dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu dengan bahan organik (5 ton/ha) dan tanpa bahan organik. Pengamatan parameter di lapang meliputi pengamatan jumlah anakan, tiinggi muka air irigasi, curah hujan per hari, pH tanah, kadar C-Organik tanah dan fluks gas CH4. Analisis data yang diperoleh dilakukan Uji ANOVA taraf 5% dan uji lanjut menggunkan Uji DMRT 5% dengan bantuan aplikasi Microsoft Excel dan Genstat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem irigasi dan bahan organik jerami kering berpengaruh tidak nyata pada peningkatan emisi gas CH4 pada 33, 63, dan 93 HST. Perlakuan sistem irigasi memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan fluks gas CH4 pada 63 dan 93 HST. Penggenangan menyebabkan peningkatan fluks gas CH4 akibat lingkungan bakteri metanogen pada tanah yang anaerob. Perlakuan penambahan bahan organik memberikan pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap peningkatan fluks gas CH4 pada 33, 63, dan 93 HST, namun penambahan bahan organik dapat meningkatkan fluks gas CH4 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa bahan organik. Sistem irigasi dan bahan organik memberikan pengaruh nyata pada peningkatan emisi gas CH4 pada satu musim tanam. Nilai pH tanah berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan fluks emisi CH4 baik pada 33, 63, dan 93 HST. Kadar C-Organik tanah berkorelasi negatif dengan fluks emisi CH4 baik pada 33, 63 dan 93 HST.
English Abstract
The agricultural sector contributes around 14% of the world's total greenhouse gas emissions. The agricultural sector in Indonesia contributes 26% of total greenhouse gas emissions with 46.2% of gas emissions coming from rice fields. Anaerobic decomposition by soil microorganisms that occurs in the roots of rice plants is the main factor in increasing CH4. Rice fields that are continuously flooded (Continuously Flooded) from the provision of irrigation water and the application of organic materials are the main sources of CH4 production. The solution to reduce CH4 gas emissions is irrigation management that pays attention to plant phases such as the tiller formation phase and panicle filling so that at certain times the land is left in a muddled state. Arranging the irrigation system for varying conditions can be done using the AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) and MiDi (Mid-Season Drainage) irrigation techniques. This research aims to determine the effect of irrigation and dry straw organic matter on CH4 emissions and fluxes, as well as the relationship between CH4 gas fluxes and soil C-Organic content. The research was carried out from October 2022 to July 2023 at the Agricultural Environmental Research Institute's experimental field. This research used a Randomized Block Factorial Design (RAKF) with 2 treatment factors, namely irrigation system and organic matter. The irrigation system treatment factors are divided into 3 types of irrigation systems, namely Continuous Flooding (CF), Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), and Mid-Season Drainage (MiDi). The organic material treatment factor is divided into 2, namely with organic material (5 tons/ha) and without organic material. Field parameter observations include observing the number of tillers, irrigation water level, daily rainfall, soil pH, soil C-Organic content and CH4 gas flux. Analysis of the data obtained was carried out by the 5% ANOVA test and further tests using the 5% DMRT test with the help of Microsoft Excel and Genstat applications. The results showed that the irrigation system and dry straw organic matter had no significant effect on increasing CH4 gas emissions at 33, 63, and 93 HST. The irrigation system treatment had a real effect on increasing CH4 gas flux at 63 and 93 HST. Flooding causes an increase in CH4 gas flux due to the anaerobic environment of methanogenic bacteria in the soil. The treatment with the addition of organic material had no significant effect on increasing the CH4 gas flux at 33, 63 and 93 DAT, however the addition of organic material could increase the CH4 gas flux compared to the treatment without organic material. The irrigation system and organic matter had a real influence on increasing CH4 gas emissions in one growing season. Soil pH values were positively correlated with increasing CH4 emission fluxes both at 33, 63 and 93 HST. Soil C-Organic content were negatively correlated with CH4 emission fluxes at 33, 63 and 93 DAT.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040375 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2024 07:09 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Feb 2024 07:09 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216269 |
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