Yusra., Milda Alfarisma and Prof. Dr. Ir. Moch. Dawam Maghfoer,, S.U. (2024) Pengaruh Komposisi Pupuk N Anorganik dan Organik pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) merupakan tanaman jenis sayur-sayuran yang belum banyak dibudidayakan secara luas di Indonesia. Selain dikonsumsi sebagai sayuran, okra juga dapat menjadi obat yang berkhasiat. Nitrogen sebagai unsur hara makro, ketersediannya berdampak pada pertumbuhan vegetatif melalui perannya sebagai penyusun enzim dalam proses metabolisme tanaman. Rendahnya kesuburan tanah di lahan pertanian Indonesia seringkali disebabkan oleh minimnya bahan organik dan ketersediaan hara. Selain itu petani cenderung menggunakan pupuk anorganik secara berlebihan dalam melakukan budidaya tanaman yang mana dapat berdampak buruk pada lingkungan dalam jangka panjang. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu mengurangi dosis penggunaan pupuk anorganik dan dikombinasikan dengan pupuk organik pada lahan budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan komposisi pupuk N anorganik dan N organik yang tepat bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman okra. Hipotesis pada penelitian ini yaitu penerapan pupuk N anorganik dan pupuk N organik dengan komposisi yang sesuai dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman okra. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Juli 2023 di Agro Techno Park Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Desa Jatikerto, Kecamatan Kromengan, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 13 perlakuan yaitu P0 = 100% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (138 kg N/ha), P1 = 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + vermikompos (10 t/ha), P2 = 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + pupuk kandang (10 t/ha), P3 = 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + vermikompos (20 t/ha), P4 = 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + pupuk kandang (20 t/ha), P5 = 50% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + vermikompos (10 t/ha), P6 = 50% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + pupuk kandang (10 t/ha), P7 = 50% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + vermikompos (20 t/ha), P8 = 50% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + pupuk kandang (20 t/ha), P9 = 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + vermikompos (10 t/ha), P10 = 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + pupuk kandang (10 t/ha), P11 = 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + vermikompos (20 t/ha), P12 = 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N + pupuk kandang (20 t/ha). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 39 petak percobaan. Pada setiap perlakuan dalam satu ulangan terdapat 40 tanaman sehingga total tanaman adalah 1560 tanaman. Variabel pengamatan pertumbuhan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, jumlah cabang, umur berbunga, jumlah bunga dan umur panen. Sedangkan variabel hasil meliputi jumlah buah per tanaman, panjang dan diameter buah, bobot segar buah per tanaman, bobot segar buah per petak, bobot buah per hektar dan analisis usaha tani. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji F (analisis ragam) dengan taraf 5%. Jika hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan berpengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi pupuk N anorganik dan organik yang berbeda pada tanaman okra berpengaruh nyata pada komponen pertumbuhan yaitu pada variabel tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, dan jumlah bunga. Sedangkan pada komponen hasil berpengaruh nyata pada variabel jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot segar buah per tanaman, bobot segar buah per petak, dan bobot segar buah per hektar. Perlakuan komposisi 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (103,5 kg N ha-1) + 20 ton ha-1 vermikompos dan komposisi 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (103,5 kg N ha-1) + 20 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang dengan hasil berturut-turut 3,60 ton ha-1 dan 3,69 ton ha-1 memberikan hasil panen per hektar lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (34,5 kg N ha-1) + 10 ton ha-1 vermikompos, 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (34,5 kg N ha-1) + 10 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang, 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (34,5 kg N ha-1) + 20 ton ha-1 vermikompos dan perlakuan 25% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (34,5 kg N ha-1) + 20 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang dengan hasil berturut-turut 2,34 ton ha-1, 2,36 ton ha-1, 2,46 ton ha-1, dan 2,48 ton ha-1. Berdasarkan hasil analisis usaha tani menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan 100% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (138 kg N ha-1) untuk budidaya tanaman okra layak diusahakan dengan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lainnya. Namun berdasarkan aspek keberlanjutan, penggunaan pupuk organik sangat diperlukan sehingga perlakuan 75% dosis rekomendasi pupuk N (103,5 kg N ha-1) + vermikompos (10 t/ha) merupakan perlakuan komposisi pupuk N anorganik dan organik yang layak dengan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi diantara komposisi pupuk N anorganik dan organik lainnya.
English Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is the type of vegetable which is not cultivated widely in Indonesia. Besides being consumed as vegetable, Okra can also be a medicine which is effective. Nitrogen as a macro nutrient, plays a crucial role in vegetative growth by serving as a component of enzymes in plant metabolic processes. The low soil fertility in agricultural land is mostly caused by the lack of availability of organic materials and nutrients. Other than that, farmers tend to use too much inorganic fertilizers in cultivating crops, which can have a negative impact on the environment in the long term. One of the efforts that can be done is by reducing the dose of inorganic fertilizers used and combining it with organic fertilizers on cultivated land. The aim of this research is to obtain the right composition of inorganic N and organic N fertilizers for the growth and the yields of the Okra plants. The hypothesis in this research was that the application of inorganic N fertilizer and organic N fertilizer with appropriate composition could increase the growth and the yields of the Okra. The research was conducted from April to July in 2023 at the Agro Techno Park Brawijaya University located in Jatikerto Village, Kromengan District, Malang Regency, East Java. The research applied a Randomized Block Design (RBD) that consisted of 13 treatments, namely P0 = 100% of recommended dose of N fertilizer (138 kg N/ha), P1 = 75% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + vermicompost (10 t/ha), P2 = 75% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + manure, P3 = 75% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + vermicompost (20 t/ha), P4 = 75% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + manure (20 t/ha), P5 = 50% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + vermicompost (10 t/ha), P6 = 50% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + manure (10 t/ha), P7 = 50% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + vermicompost (20 t/ha), P8 = 50% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + manure (20 t/ha), P9 = 25% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + vermicompost (10 t/ha), P10 = 25% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + manure (10 t/ha), P11 = 25% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + vermicompost (20 t/ha), P12 = 25% of recommended dose of N fertilizer + manure (20 t/ha) . Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that 39 experimental units were obtained. In each treatment and in one repetition, there were 40 plants, so the total plants were 1.560 plants. The variables of growth observation include height of plant, number of leaves, diameter of stem, area of leaf, number of branches, flowering age, number of flowers and harvest age. Meanwhile, the variables of yield include the number of fruits per plant, length and diameter of fruits, fresh weight of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits per plot, fresh fruit weight per hectare and farming analysis. The data obtained was analyzed by using the F test (ANOVA) at the 5% level. If the results of the analysis of variance show a real effect, then a further testing by using the HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test at 5% level. The results of the research show that the different compositions of inorganic and organic N fertilizers on Okra plants have a significant effect on the growth components, namely the variables of height of plant, number of leaves, diameter of stem, area of leaf, and number of flowers. Meanwhile, the yield components have a significant effect on the variables of number of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits per plant, fresh weight of fruits per plot and fresh weight of fruits per hectare. The treatments of 75% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer dose (103.5 kg N ha-1) + 20 tons ha-1 of vermicompost and 75% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer dose (103.5 kg N ha-1) + 20 tons ha-1 of manure, with yields of 3.60 tons ha-1 and 3.69 tons ha-1, respectively, produced higher yields per hectare and significantly different from treatment with 25% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer dose (34.5 kg N ha-1) + 10 tons ha-1 of vermicompost, 25% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer dose (34.5 kg N ha-1) + 10 tons ha-1 of manure, 25% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer dose (34.5 kg N ha-1) + 20 tons ha-1 of vermicompost, and 25% of the recommended nitrogen fertilizer dose (34.5 kg N ha-1) + 20 tons ha-1 of manure, with yields of 2.34 tons ha-1, 2.36 tons ha-1, 2.46 tons ha-1 and 2.48 tons ha-1, respectively. Based on the analysis of farm business, the results show that the treatment of 100% recommended dosage of N fertilizer (138 kg N ha-1) for okra cultivation is feasible with higher profits compared to other treatments. However, from a sustainability perspective, the use of organic fertilizer is essential. Therefore, the treatment of 75% recommended dosage of N fertilizer (103.5 kg N ha-1) + vermicompost (10 t/ha) is a suitable option with higher profits among other compositions of inorganic and organic N fertilizers.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040106 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2024 07:08 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Feb 2024 07:08 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216230 |
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