Manurung., Jihan Salmaa Afiifah and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo,, SU. (2024) Survei Tingkat Serangan Penggerek Ranting Kopi di Malang Raya. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kopi merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang banyak dibudidayakan dan berperan penting dalam perekonomian serta menjadi salah satu komoditas ekspor utama di Indonesia dan komoditas ekspor unggulan. Pada tahun 2019, luas areal perkebunan kopi jenis robusta mencapai 1.243.441 ha serta produksi mencapai 729.074 ton serta produktivitasnya yaitu 785 kg/ha. Hasil ekspor yang diketahui ternyata belum berjalan maksimal sebab permintaan konsumen belum sepenuhnya terpenuhi. Pemenuhan kebutuhan kopi dapat terganggu ketika terjadi penurunan produksi seperti pada tahun 2013, produksi kopi mencapai 675.881 ton dan pada tahun 2014 turun menjadi 643.857 ton. Pada tahun 2015, kembali mengalami penurunan menjadi 639.412 ton. Salah satu faktor penyebab penurunan produksi kopi diketahui berasal dari serangan hama penggerek. Hama penggerek ranting Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) merupakan salah satu hama yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan penurunan hasil produksi sekitar 20%. Penyebaran penggerek ranting ini menyebabkan cabang mati dan daun-daun manjadi layu. Terbatasnya informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya tingkat serangan penggerek ranting maka perlu dilakukannya survei tingkat serangan penggerek ranting pada berbagai lahan di Malang Raya agar dapat diketahui strategi dan uoaya yang tepat untuk mengendalikan dan mengelola tingginya serangan penggerek ranting. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2023. Penelitian diawali dengan penentuan lokasi dan plot pengamatan yaitu menggunakan stratified sampling yang berjumlah sebanyak 100 pohon kopi tiap lahan pengamatan dan jarak antar lokasi minimal 1 km, metode observasi langsung meliputi pengamatan secara langsung, pengambilan sampel arthropoda, analisis vegetasi, pengamatan kanopi, pengamatan dan pengambilan gulma serta pengambilan data suhu dan kelembaban dilakukan di 12 perkebunan kopi yang terletak di Jawa Timur yakni kecamatan Karangploso, Dampit, Wonosari dan Ngantang kemudian, melakukan pengambilan data pendukung dengan melakukan wawancara kepada petani. Hasil pengambilan sampel diidentifikasi dan dianalisis di Laboratorium Hama dan Tumbuhan 3, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya mulai bulan Oktober 2023 hingga November 2023. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis ANOSIM dan ditampilkan dalam plot NMDS. Semua analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak R statistic versi 4.04 dan package vegan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat serangan dari setiap lokasi penelitian. Lokasi dengan tingkat serangan penggerek ranting paling tinggi adalah Ngantang dan lokasi dengan tingkat penggerek ranting terendah adalah Bangelan. Perbedaan tingkat serangan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti kondisi habitat dan manajemen lahan sedangkan semut kanopi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkat serangan penggerek ranting. Namun, pengaruh utama yang menyebabkan perbedaan tingkat serangan pada lahan kopi robusta di 12 lokasi penelitian salah satunya adalah pengaruh pemangkasan dan kelembaban.
English Abstract
Coffee is a plantation crop that is widely cultivated and plays an important role in the economy and is one of the main export commodities in Indonesia and a leading export commodity. In 2019, the area of Robusta coffee plantations reached 1,243,441 ha production reached 729,074 tons and productivity was 785 kg/ha. The known export results have not been optimal because consumer demand has not been fully met. Meeting coffee needs can be disrupted when there is a decline in production, such as in 2013, coffee production reached 675,881 tons and in 2014 it fell to 643,857 tons. In 2015, it decreased again to 639,412 tons. One of the factors causing the decline in coffee production is known to come from borer attacks. The nagging borer pest Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is a pest that can cause damage and reduce production yields by around 20%. The spread of this nagging borer causes branches to die and the leaves to wilt. Due to the limited information regarding the factors that influence the high and low levels of squabbling borer attacks, it is necessary to conduct a survei of the level of squawking borer attacks on various fields in Malang Raya so that appropriate strategies and measures can be identified to control and manage the high rate of squabbling borer attacks. The research was carried out from August to October 2023. The research began with determining the location and observation plot, namely using stratified sampling with a total of 100 coffee trees per observation area and a minimum distance of 1 km between locations. Direct observation methods included direct observation, arthropod sampling, Vegetation analysis, canopy observation, weed observation and collection as well as temperature and humidity data collection were carried out in 12 coffee plantations located in East Java, namely Karangploso, Dampit, Wonosari and Ngantang sub-districts. Then, collecting supporting data by conducting interviews with farmers. The results of sampling were identified and analyzed at the Pest and Plant Laboratory 3, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University from October 2023 to November 2023. The Research was carried out using ANOSIM analysis and displayed in an NMDS plot. All analyses were performed with R statistical software version 4.04 and the vegan package. The research results show that there are differences in the level of attacks from each research location. The location with the highest level of twig borer attack is Ngantang and the location with the lowest level of twig borer is Bangelan. The difference in attack levels is influenced by many factors such as habitat conditions and land management, while canopy ants have no effect on the level of twig borer attacks. However, the main influences that cause differences in attack levels on robusta coffee fields in the 12 research locations are the influence of pruning and humidity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040098 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Feb 2024 03:32 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Feb 2024 03:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216151 |
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