Wimala., Dewa Ramadhani and Dr. Ir. Budi Prasetya, M.P. (2023) Eksplorasi Mikoriza Arbuskula Pada Tanaman Hortikultura Semusim Di Lahan Desa Pujon Lor Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Budidaya tanaman hortikultura merupakan usaha bertani untuk menanam tanaman sayuran di lahan. Lahan hortikultura ditemukan di daerah dataran tinggi salah satunya di desa Pujon Lor Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur. Para petani Pujon Lor membudidayakan tanaman hortikultura dengan menerapkan sistem pertanian intensif. Pertanian intensif secara tidak langsung berpotensi menurunkan kemampuan tanah dimana menimbulkan dampak seperti pengasaman, penurunan bahan organik dan kontaminasi logam berat. Maka perlu perbaikan kondisi tanah dan meningkatkan produksi tanaman dengan pupuk hayati mikoriza arbuskula. Sehingga, dilakukan eksplorasi mikoriza arbuskula yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui jenis mikoriza, jumlah spora mikoriza, dan tingkat kolonisasi mikoriza arbuskula pada perakaran tanaman serta pengaruh lahan tanaman dengan sifat kimia dan fisika tanah di lahan Desa Pujon Lor Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2022 hingga November 2023. Penelitian eksplorasi dilaksanakan dengan tahapan pengambilan sampel tanah dan akar serta analisis laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel tanaman meliputi sawi putih (SP), selada (SL), dan cabai (C) dengan 4 ulangan setiap tanaman. Rancangan yang dilakukan menggunakan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan metode pengambilan composite soil sampling dan mengambil bagian akar untuk pewarnaan akar dengan mengetahui tingkat persentase koloni mikoriza arbuskula pada akar tanaman. Tahapan analisis laboratorium dengan dilakukan analisis julmah spora dan persentase koloni mikoriza arbuskula serta analisis sifat kimia dan fisika tanah. Hasil sampel dianalisis sumber keragamannya atau ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) untuk melihat pengaruh perlakuan terhadap parameter yang diamati. Kemudian, dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut menggunakan BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) dengan taraf 5% jika ditemukan perbedaan yang nyata hingga dilakukan uji korelasi dan uji regresi linier untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variabel. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi morfologis mikoriza arbuskula diperoleh dua genus spora mikoriza, yaitu Glomus sp. dan Acaulospora sp. Jumlah spora mikoriza arbuskula pada tanaman sawi putih memiliki nilai 95,5 spora per 100 g tanah, selada 102,25 spora per 100 g tanah, dan cabai memiliki nilai yaitu 101 spora per 100 g tanah. Tingkat kolonisasi mikoriza arbuskula pada perakaran tanaman selada tergolong dalam kategori kolonisasi yang sangat tinggi diikuti dengan jenis tanaman cabai dan sawi putih yang tergolong dalam kategori tinggi. Persentase kolonisasi mikoriza arbuskula pada tanaman selada rata - rata 80% serta tanaman cabai dan sawi putih memiliki persentase rata- rata kolonisasi mikoriza arbuskula bernilai 68,5% dan 59,5%. K-total tanah berpengaruh nyata terhadap pengelolaan lahan pada tanaman sawi putih, cabai, dan selada dengan didapatkan tertinggi pada tanaman cabai sebesar 2551 ppm dan terendah pada tanaman sawi putih sebesar 527,3 ppm. Sedangkan pada jumlah spora dan persentase kolonisasi mikoriza arbuskula, sifat kimia (pH tanah, C-organik, KTK, N-total, P-tersedia dan P-total) dan sifat fisika (berat isi, berat jenis, dan porositas) tidak berpengaruh nyata.
English Abstract
Horticultural plant cultivation is a farming business to grow vegetable plants on land. Horticultural land is found in highland areas, one of which is in Pujon Lor village, Pujon District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. Pujon Lor farmers cultivate horticultural crops by implementing an intensive farming system. Intensive farming indirectly has the potential to reduce soil capacity, causing impacts such as acidification, decreased organic matter and heavy metal contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to improve soil conditions and increase crop production with arbuscular mycorrhizal biofertilizer. Thus, an exploration of arbuscular mycorrhiza was carried out aimed at finding out the type of mycorrhiza, the number of mycorrhizal spores, and the level of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on plant roots as well as the influence of plant land on the chemical and physical properties of the soil in the land of Pujon Lor Village, Pujon District, Malang Regency. The research was carried out from July 2022 to November 2023. Exploratory research was carried out with the stages of taking soil and root samples and laboratory analysis. Plant samples were taken including chinese cabbage (SP), lettuce (SL), and chili (C) with 4 repetitions for each plant. The design was carried out using RAK (Randomized Block Design) with a composite soil sampling method and taking root sections for root coloring by knowing the percentage level of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonies on plant roots. The laboratory analysis stage involves analyzing the number of spores and the percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonies as well as analyzing the chemical and physical properties of the soil. The sample results were analyzed with sources of variation or ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to see the effect of treatment on the observed parameters. Then, continue with further tests using LSD (Least Significant Difference) with a level of 5% if a significant difference is found until a correlation test and linear regression test are carried out to determine the influence between variables. The results of the isolation and morphological identification of arbuscular mycorrhizae obtained two genera of mycorrhizal spores, namely Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. The number of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores in white mustard plants has a value of 95.5 spores per 100 g of soil, lettuce has a value of 102.25 spores per 100 g of soil, and chili has a value of 101 spores per 100 g of soil. The level of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on the roots of lettuce plants is classified as very high, followed by types of chili and white mustard plants which are classified as high. The percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on lettuce plants averages 80% and chili and white mustard plants have an average percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of 68.5% and 59.5%. K-total soil has a significant effect on land management in chicory, chili and lettuce plants, with the highest being found in chili plants at 2551 ppm and the lowest in white mustard plants at 527.3 ppm. Meanwhile, on the number of spores and the percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, chemical properties (soil pH, organic C, CEC, N-total, P-available and P-total) and physical properties (density, specific gravity and porosity) did not have a significant effect.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040369 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Feb 2024 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Feb 2024 07:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/216095 |
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