Azzahra, Wirda and Dr. Lenny Sri Nopriani,, S.P., M.P. and Syahrul Kurniawan, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. (2023) “Pengaruh Kombinasi Dosis Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati dan Pupuk Anorganik terhadap Ketersediaan Unsur Hara N, P, K serta Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)”. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perkembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Indonesia telah mengalami peningkatan yang pesat, ditunjukkan dalam peningkatan luas areal perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hal tersebut berdampak pada permintaan bibit kelapa sawit yang berkualitas dan penggunaan pupuk anorganik semakin tinggi. Namun, penggunaan pupuk anorganik secara intensif berdampak negatif terhadap penurunan kesuburan tanah dan peningkatan serangan hama serta penyakit tanaman. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan pupuk hayati khusus untuk tanaman kelapa sawit, yang mengandung bakteri pelarut fosfat seperti Pseudomonas flourescens dan Bacillus substilis, menjadi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan karena mampu mengefisiensikan pemupukan, meningkatkan ketersedian unsur hara, dan mendukung pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk anorganik terhadap ketersediaan N, P, K, populasi bakteri pelarut P, serta pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit, sehingga dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan Oktober 2022 hingga Juli 2023. Penelitian dilakukan di Green House, sedangkan analisis tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Biologi Tanah, Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan antara lain E0 (kontrol), E1 (100% pupuk anorganik), E2 (100% pupuk anorganik + 100% pupuk hayati), E3 (75% pupuk anorganik + 50% pupuk hayati), E4 (75% pupuk anorganik + 100% pupuk hayati), E5 (75% pupuk anorganik + 150% pupuk hayati), E6 (50% pupuk anorganik + 50% pupuk hayati), E7 (50% pupuk anorganik + 100% pupuk hayati), dan E8 (50% pupuk anorganik + 150% pupuk hayati) dengan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pH tanah, C-organik, N-tersedia, P-tersedia, K-dd, populasi BPF, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan kadar P daun. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ taraf 5%. Kemudian, untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan antar parameter dapat dilakukan uji korelasi dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi apabila terdapat korelasi yang kuat antar paramater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dosis aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk anorganik pada perlakuan E4 berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan N-tersedia dan P-tersedia, perlakuan E3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan K-dd dan total populasi bakteri pelarut P, sedangkan perlakuan E2 berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman kelapa sawit. Bakteri pelarut P berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan K-dd tanah. Unsur hara yang berpengaruh paling signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman adalah kadar amonium > kadar nitrat > K-dd > P-tersedia tanah. Kombinasi dosis aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk anorganik yang paling efisien dalam mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik yaitu pada perlakuan E3 (75% pupuk anorganik + 50% pupuk hayati).
English Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations in Indonesia have experienced rapid development, as shown in the increase in the area of oil palm plantations. This has an impact on the demand for quality oil palm seeds and the increasing use of inorganic fertilizers. However, intensive use of inorganic fertilizers reduces soil fertility and increases pest attacks and plant diseases. Therefore, the use of special biological fertilizers for oil palm plants, which contain phosphate solubilizing bacteria such as Pseudomonas flourescens and Bacillus substilis, is an environmentally friendly alternative because it can streamline fertilization, increase the availability of nutrients, and support the growth of oil palms. This research aims to analyze the effect of a combination of biological fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on the availability of N, P, K, the population of P-solubilizing bacteria, and the growth of oil palm seedlings, to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers. Research activities were carried out from October 2022 to July 2023. Research was carried out at the Green House, while soil analysis was carried out at the Soil Chemistry and Biology Laboratory, Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. This research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 9 treatments including E0 (control), E1 (100% inorganic fertilizer), E2 (100% inorganic fertilizer + 100% biological fertilizer), E3 (75% inorganic fertilizer + 50% biological fertilizer), E4 (75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% biological fertilizer), E5 (75% inorganic fertilizer + 150% biological fertilizer), E6 (50% inorganic fertilizer + 50% biological fertilizer), E7 (50% fertilizer inorganic + 100% biological fertilizer), and E8 (50% inorganic fertilizer + 150% biological fertilizer) with 4 replications. Parameters observed included soil pH, organic C, available N, available P, soil K-dd, phosphate solubilizing bacteria population, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf P levels. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a significance level of 5% and continued with Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test with a significance level of 5%. Then, to determine the closeness of the relationship between parameters, a correlation test can be carried out followed by a regression test if there is a strong correlation between parameters. The results of the study showed that the combination of application doses of biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in the E4 treatment had a significant effect on increasing available N and available P, the E3 treatment had a significant effect on increasing K-dd and the total population of P-solubilizing bacteria, while the E2 treatment had a significant effect on growth height of oil palm plants. P-solubilizing bacteria have a significant effect on increasing soil K-dd. The nutrient element that has the most significant effect on plant height is ammonium content > nitrate content > soil K-dd > soil available P. The most efficient combination of application doses of biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in reducing the use of inorganic fertilizer is treatment E3 (75% inorganic fertilizer + 50% biological fertilizer).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040362 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Feb 2024 03:42 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Feb 2024 04:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215990 |
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