Danata, Nurlaili Habibi and Prof. Dr. Ir. Nurul Aini,, MS and Dr. Ir. Cicik Udayana,, M.Si. (2023) Upaya Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Serta Kualitas Minyak Asiri Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus L.) Dengan Aplikasi Mikroorganisme Rizosfer Dan Magnesium Sulfat. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Serai wangi merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak asiri yang diminati pada pasar domestrik maupun ekspor. Keterbatasan lahan terbuka dan kompetisi penggunaan lahan dengan tanaman pangan membuat tanaman ini dikembangkan pada sistem agroforestri sebagai tanaman sela. Faktor pembatas pada sistem agroforestri adalah naungan. Varietas Seraiwangi 1 layak dikembangkan pada naungan 25% akan tetapi masih memiliki biomassa dan hasil minyak atsiri yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan penyinaran penuh, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas minyak asiri. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan ialah pengelolaan hara essensial diantaranya magnesium dan sulfur melalui pemupukan. Magnesium memiliki peranan penting dalam pembentukan klorofil dan sintesis protein sedangkan sulfur berperan dalam biosintesis minyak asiri melalui Asetil CoA. Serapan unsur hara pada tanaman dapat ditingatkan dengan pengelolaan rizosfer melalui aplikasi mikroorganisme rizosfer diantaranya PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan AM (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza). Mekanisme mikroorganisme rizosfer dalam membantu serapan hara melalui perluasan daerah perakaran, produksi EPs (Ekstraseluler polisakarida), meningkatkan KTK serta produksi asam organik dan fitohormon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara jenis mikroorganisme rizosfer dan dosis MgSO4, menentukan dosis optimum pada setiap jenis mikroorganisme rizosfer untuk memperoleh pertumbuhan dan minyak asiri yang berkualitas serta menganalisis pengaruh jenis mikroorganisme rizosfer dan dosis MgSO4 dalam meningkatkan hasil minyak asiri dan kandungan minyak asiri pada tanaman serai wangi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2023 yang berlokasi di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya yang terletak di Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan dalam percobaan antara lain Leaf Area Meter (LAM), spektofotometer, Konica Minolta Chlorophylmeter SPAD 502, Laminar air flow, water bath, mikroskop cahaya, cawan petri, tabung reaksi, timbangan digital, oven, meteran dan alat penyulingan (destilator). Bahan yang digunakan yaitu bibit tanaman serai wangi Varietas Seraiwangi 1, Mikroorganisme rizosfer (Mikoriza dan PGPR), pupuk MgSO4, pupuk urea, pupuk SP36, pupuk KCl, pupuk kandang, botol kaca 20 ml, bambu dan paranet 25%. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor 1 merupakan jenis mikroorganisme rizosfer (A0= tanpa mikroorganisme rizosfer, A1= PGPR, A2= MA), Faktor 2 dosis pupuk MgSO4 (M0=tanpa aplikasi, M190= 190 kg ha-1, M285= 285 kg ha-1, M380= 380 kg ha-1). Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari pengamatan pertumbuhan: panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, luas daun, berat segar, berat kering, kandungan klorofil, indeks klorofil dan CGR; variabel hasil: hasil herba segar per tanaman; variabel kualitas: kandungan minyak asiri, hasil minyak asiri dan kandungan citronellal citonellol dan geraniol; variabel pendukung: kerapatan bakteri (TPC), kerapatan mikoriza, infeksi mikoriza, serapan hara N, P, K, Mg, S dan pengamatan pH tanah. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5%, uji lanjut DMRT pada tingkat kesalahan 5% dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel pengamatan dilakukan analisis regresi dan korelasi. Uji normalitas data menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 23 sedangkan untuk analisis ragam dan uji lanjut menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2013, DSAASTAT ver. 1.01. Treatment without rhizosphere microorganisms requires a MgSO4 dose of 380 kg ha-1, PGPR treatment requires a dose of 285 kg ha-1 while AM treatment requires a dose of 190-285 kg ha-1. The use of PGPR and AM can increase MgSO4 fertilization efficiency by up to 49-53% compared to without rhizosphere microorganisms. PGPR and AM can help in the absorption of the element MgSO4 through several mechanisms such as mineralization of organic sulfur into SO42- so that it can be available for plants, production of phytohormones, production of EPs as well as the formation of arbuscular and hyphae in plant roots. In the treatment without rhizosphere microorganisms, the optimum dose of MgSO4 fertilizer was 405,9 kg ha-1, in the PGPR treatment it was 200,2 kg ha-1 and AM was 190,6 kg ha-1. The application of PGPR and AM as well as the MgSO4 fertilizer dose has an effect on increasing growth variables and essential oil yields in C. nardus, however the use of MgSO4 fertilizer at a dose of 380 kg ha-1 can reduce soil pH by 0.5.
English Abstract
C. nardus is one of the essential oil producing plants that is in demand in both domestic and export markets. Limited amounts of available land and competition for land use with food crops mean that this plant is developed in an agroforestry system as an intercrop. The limiting factor in agroforestry systems is shade. The Seraiwangi 1 variety is suitable for development in 25% shade, but it still has lower biomass and essential oil yield compared to full sunlight, so efforts are needed to increase growth, yield and quality of essential oil. One strategy that can be implemented is managing essential nutrients including magnesium and sulfur through fertilization. Magnesium has an important role in the formation of chlorophyll and protein synthesis, while sulfur plays a role in the biosynthesis of essential oils through Acetyl CoA. Nutrient uptake in plants can be increased by managing the rhizosphere through the application of rhizosphere microorganisms including PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and AM (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza). The mechanism of rhizosphere microorganisms in assisting nutrient uptake is through expanding the root area, producing EPs (extracellular polysaccharides), increasing CEC and producing organic acids and phytohormones. This research aims to determine the interaction between the type of rhizosphere microorganisms and the dose of MgSO4, determine the optimum dose for each type of rhizosphere microorganism to obtain growth and quality essential oils and analyze the effect of the type of rhizosphere microorganisms and the dose of MgSO4 in increasing the yield of essential oils and essential oil content in C. nardus. The research was carried out from February to August 2023 at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, located in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City, East Java. Equipment used in the experiment included Leaf Area Meter (LAM), spectrophotometer, Konica Minolta Chlorophylmeter SPAD 502, laminar air flow, water bath, light microscope, petri dishes, test tubes, digital scales, oven, meter and distillation equipment (destilator). The materials used are Seraiwangi 1 variety, rhizosphere microorganisms (Mycorrhiza and PGPR), MgSO4 fertilizer, urea fertilizer, SP36 fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, manure, 20 ml glass bottles, bamboo and 25% paranet. The research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which was arranged factorially with two factors. First factor was the type of rhizosphere microorganisms (A0= without rhizosphere microorganisms, A1= PGPR, A2= MA), Second factor was the dose of MgSO4 fertilizer (M0=without application, M190= 190 kg ha-1, M285= 285 kg ha-1, M380 = 380 kg ha-1). Observation variables consisted of growth observations: plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll index and CGR; yield variable: fresh herb yield per plant; quality variables: essential oil content, essential oil yield and citronellal, citonellol and geraniol content; supporting variables: bacterial density (TPC), mycorrhizal density, mycorrhizal infection, nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Mg, S and soil pH observations. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5%, further DMRT testing at an error level of 5% and to determine the relationship between the observed variables, regression and correlation analysis were carried out.Data normality test used IBM SPSS Statistics 23 while for analysis of variance and further tests used Microsoft Excel 2013, DSAASTAT ver. 1.01. Treatment without rhizosphere microorganisms requires a dose of MgSO4 of 380 kg ha-1, PGPR treatment 285 kg ha-1 while in AM treatment 190-285 kg ha-1. The use of PGPR and AM can increase MgSO4 fertilization efficiency by up to 49-53% compared to without rhizosphere microorganisms. PGPR and AM can help in the absorption of the element MgSO4 through several mechanisms such as mineralization of organic sulfur into SO42- so that it can be available for plants, production of phytohormones, production of EPs as well as the formation of arbuscular and hyphae in plant roots. In the treatment without rhizosphere microorganisms, the optimum dose of MgSO4 fertilizer was 405,9 kg ha-1, in the PGPR treatment it was 200,2 kg ha-1 and AM was 190,6 kg ha-1. The application of PGPR and AM as well as MgSO4 fertilizer doses have an effect on increasing growth variables, essential oil yield and essential oil quality in citronella plants, however the use of MgSO4 fertilizer at a dose of 380 kg ha-1 can reduce soil pH by 0.5.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0423040020 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Feb 2024 03:52 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Feb 2024 03:52 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215934 |
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