Priyastomo, Muhammad Dimas and Luqman Qurata Aini,, S.P., M.Si., Ph.D, and Khairun Nisak Syahdu,, S.P., M.P. and Nur Ma’alifah,, S.Si., M.P. (2023) Pengujian Metabolit Sekunder Konsorsium Bakteri Antagonis dalam Mengendalikan Ralstonia solanacearum serta Kemampuannya sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan penting di dunia karena mampu menyuplai karbohidrat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tubuh manusia. Kebutuhan akan kentang di Indonesia semakin meningkat sebesar 46,6%, namun produksinya mengalami fluktuasi selama 4 tahun terakhir (2019-2022). Penurunan produksi kentang di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya akibat serangan dari patogen Ralstonia solanacearum yang menyebabkan penyakit layu pada tanaman kentang. Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan bakteri patogen tular tanah dan menjadi faktor pembatas utama dalam produksi berbagai jenis tanaman penting di dunia, karena mampu mengakibatkan kegagalan panen hingga mencapai 95-100%, sehingga ditempatkan pada posisi kelima patogen paling berbahaya di dunia. Upaya pengendalian patogen Ralstonia solanacearum dapat dilakukan secara fisik maupun kimia, namun upaya tersebut ternilai belum mampu memberikan efek yang baik, ternilai tidak ekonomis, membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama serta membutuhkan tenaga yang ahli. Oleh sebab itu, pengendalian alternatif yang memiliki potensi tinggi, lebih murah, aman dan cepat ialah pengendalian secara biologis dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan bakteri antagonis yang mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder sebagai antibakteri dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman berbasis konsorsium bakteri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji potensi ekstrak metabolit sekunder konsorsium bakteri dalam mengendalikan Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu serta kemampuannya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman kentang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2023, bertempat di Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Denpasar dan Laboratorium Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Analisis kemampuan senyawa metabolit sekunder konsorsium bakteri terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum secara In Vitro dan pengukuran kandungan IAA bakteri antagonis secara kualitatif dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Denpasar, sedangkan pengujian pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman kentang secara In Vivo dilakukan di Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 8 perlakuan 3 ulangan, yaitu P1 (Kontrol) P2 (Isolat tunggal bakteri Pseudomonas sp.) P3 (Isolat tunggal bakteri Bacillus sp.) P4 (Isolat tunggal bakteri Azotobacter sp.) P5 (Konsorsium bakteri Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp.) P6 (Konsorsium bakteri Pseudomonas sp. + Azotobacter sp.) P7 (Konsorsium bakteri Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) P8 (Konsorsium Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.). Data hasil pengamatan pengujian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata akan diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf kesalahan 5% menggunakan microsoft excel dan software R Studio ver 4.1.1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa ekstrak metabolit sekunder bakteri antagonis Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Azotobacter sp. memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri, baik perlakuan secara tunggal maupun konsorsium. Perlakuan terbaik ditunjukkan oleh konsorsium dua bakteri Pseudomonas sp. dan Bacillus sp. yang mampu menghambat Ralstonia solanacearum sebesar 15,50 mm. Kemudian pada pengujian kandungan Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) diketahui bahwa bakteri antagonis seluruh perlakuan mampu memproduksi hormon IAA yang ditdanai dengan adanya perubahan warna larutan dari warna kuning menjadi warna merah setelah diberi reagen salkowski sebanyak 4 ml dan diinkubasi selama 60 menit pada ruangan gelap. Semakin pekat perubahan warna merah yang terjadi, mengindikasikan semakin tingginya kandungan IAA yang dapat dihasilkan oleh bakteri tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian bakteri antagonis memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat basah, dan berat kering tanaman, dimana perlakuan P8 (konsorsium Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.), P6 (Pseudomonas sp + Azotobacter sp.), P7 (Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) dan P5 (Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp.) mampu memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, dan berat basah tanaman. Sedangkan pada berat kering tanaman kentang yang memberikan hasil tertinggi yaitu perlakuan P8 (konsorsium Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.). Pada parameter kesehatan, perlakuan P8 (konsorsium Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) mampu memberikan efek yang lebih lama terhadap masa inkubasi, menghasilkan nilai insidensi penyakit yang lebih rendah dengan tingkat efektivitas yang tinggi.
English Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are one of the important food crops in the world because they are able to supply carbohydrates to meet the needs of the human body. The need for potatoes in Indonesia has increased by 46.6%, but production has fluctuated over the last 4 years (2019-2022). The decline in potato production in Indonesia is influenced by several factors, one of which is the attack of the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum which causes wilt disease in potato plants. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne pathogenic bacterium and is the main limiting factor in the production of various types of important crops in the world, because it can cause crop failures of up to 95-100%, so it is placed in the fifth position of the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Efforts to control the Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen can be carried out physically or chemically, but these efforts are deemed unable to provide a good effect, are considered uneconomical, require more time and require skilled personnel. Therefore, an alternative control that has high potential, is cheaper, safer and faster is biological control by utilizing the ability of antagonistic bacteria which are capable of producing secondary metabolites as antibacterials and plant growth promoters based on bacterial consortia. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the potential of bacterial consortium secondary metabolite extracts in controlling Ralstonia solanacearum which causes wilt disease and its ability to promote potato plant growth. This research was carried out from August to November 2023, at the Denpasar Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center and the Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. In Vitro analysis of the ability of secondary metabolite compounds of the bacterial consortium against Ralstonia solanacearum and qualitative measurements of the IAA content of antagonistic bacteria were carried out at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Denpasar Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center, while In Vivo testing of potato plant growth and resistance was carried out in the Greenhouse and Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications, namely P1 (Control) P2 (Single isolate of Pseudomonas sp.) P3 (Single isolate of Bacillus sp.) P4 (Single isolate of Azotobacter sp.) P5 (Consortium of bacteria Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp.) P6 (Consortium of bacteria Pseudomonas sp. + Azotobacter sp.) P7 (Consortium of bacteria Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) P8 (Consortium of Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.). Data from test observations were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there were significant differences, they would be tested further using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at an error level of 5% using Microsoft Excel and R Studio software ver 4.1.1.Based on the research results, it is known that secondary metabolite extracts of the antagonistic bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Azotobacter sp. has potential as an antibacterial, both alone and in consortium. The best treatment was shown by a consortium of two Pseudomonas sp. bacteria. and Bacillus sp. which is able to inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum by 15.50 mm. Then, in testing the Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) content, it was discovered that the antagonist bacteria in all treatments were able to produce the IAA hormone, which was indicated by a change in the color of the solution from yellow to red after being given 4 ml of salkowski reagent and incubated for 60 minutes in a dark room. The more intense the red color change that occurs, indicates the higher IAA content that can be produced by the bacteria. The results of this research also show that the administration of antagonistic bacteria has a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight and dry weight of the plant, where the P8 treatment (consortium of Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) , P6 (Pseudomonas sp. + Azotobacter sp.), P7 (Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) and P5 (Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp.) were able to provide the best results for plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and plant fresh weight. Meanwhile, the dry weight of potato plants that gave the highest yield was treatment P8 (consortium of Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.). In terms of health parameters, P8 treatment (consortium of Pseudomonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Azotobacter sp.) was able to provide a longer effect on the incubation period, producing lower disease incidence values with a high level of effectiveness.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040347 |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Feb 2024 07:27 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Feb 2024 07:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215870 |
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