Pangastuti, Mita Arinda and Ir. Ninuk Herlina,, MS. (2023) Pengaruh Jenis Mulsa dan Tinggi Bedengan Terhadap Lingkungan Mikro, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Produksi bawang merah dalam negeri cukup memadai secara kuantitas, tetapi tingkat ketersediaan fluktuatif pada beberapa bulan tertentu, sehingga terjadi lonjakan harga di pasaran. Sistem budidaya dan faktor lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman bawang merah. Bawang merah tidak tahan berada pada tempat yang tergenang air. Banyaknya air di musim hujan dapat menyebabkan pencucian unsur hara dan timbulnya penyakit pada tanaman bawang merah. Upaya manipulasi lingkungan tanaman bawang merah yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan pemberian mulsa. Pemulsaan merupakan suatu cara memperbaiki tata udara tanah, menjaga kelembaban, suhu, dan menjaga erosi tanah. Selain pemberian mulsa, tinggi bedengan juga dapat memperbaiki drainase pada lahan budidaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi jenis mulsa dan tinggi bedengan yang dapat menciptakan lingkungan mikro yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan kombinasi jenis mulsa dan tinggi bedengan memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap lingkungan mikro, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga April 2023 di Desa Menggare, Kecamatan Slahung, Kabupaten Ponorogo. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan yang meliputi M1: tanpa mulsa dan tinggi bedengan 30 cm, M2: mulsa jerami padi dan tinggi bedengan 30 cm, M3: mulsa plastik hitam perak dan tinggi bedengan 30 cm, M4: tanpa mulsa dan tinggi bedengan 40 cm, M5: mulsa jerami padi dan tinggi bedengan 40 cm, M6: mulsa plastik hitam perak dan tinggi bedengan 40 cm, M7: tanpa mulsa dan tinggi bedengan 50 cm, M8: mulsa jerami padi dan tinggi bedengan 50 cm, dan M9: mulsa plastik hitam perak dan tinggi bedengan 50 cm. Percobaan dilakukan pada petak/bedengan dengan luas per petak 2,2 m x 1,4 m. Tanaman bawang merah dipanen pada umur 60 HST. Pengamatan lingkungan mikro dilakukakan saat tanaman berusia 12, 26, 40, dan 54 HST meliputi suhu tanah dan kelembaban tanah. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukakan saat tanaman berusia 14, 28, 42, dan 56 HST meliputi panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, dan luas daun. Pengamatan hasil dilakukakan saat tanaman berusia 60 HST meliputi bobot segar umbi, bobot segar total tanaman, bobot kering umbi, bobot kering total tanaman, jumlah umbi, dan hasil umbi per hektar. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%. Apabila dari hasil pengujian tersebut terjadi pengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata dari kombinasi jenis mulsa dan ketinggian bedengan pada suhu tanah minimum dan maksimum, kelembaban tanah minimum dan maksimum, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar umbi, bobot kering umbi, bobot kering total tanaman, dan hasil produksi. Perlakuan mulsa plastik hitam perak dengan tinggi bedengan 40 cm, mulsa jerami dengan tinggi bedengan 50 cm, dan mulsa plastik hitam perak dengan tinggi bedengan 50 cm dapat mengurangi fluktuasi suhu tanah dan menjaga kelembaban tanah yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan (jumlah daun dan luas daun) dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Perlakuan mulsa plastik hitam perak dengan tinggi bedengan 40 cm, mulsa jerami dengan tinggi bedengan 50 cm, dan mulsa plastik hitam perak dengan tinggi bedengan 50 cm dapat menghasilkan produksi umbi berturut-turut sebesar 12,06 ton/ha, 12,24 ton/ha, dan 12,49 ton/ha meningkat sebesar 29,96%, 31,9%, dan 34,6% dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa mulsa pada tinggi bedengan 30 cm.
English Abstract
Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the agricultural commodities with high economic value. Domestic shallot production is adequate in terms of quantity, but the level of availability fluctuates in certain months, resulting in a spike in market prices. Cultivation systems and environmental factors affect the growth and development of shallot plants. Shallots cannot stand being in a place that is stagnant water. The amount of water in the rainy season can cause leaching of nutrients and disease in shallot plants. Efforts to manipulate the shallot plant environment that can be done is by giving mulch. Mulching is a way to improve soil air conditioning, humidity, temperature, and prevent soil erosion. Apart from providing mulch, the height of the beds can also improve drainage on cultivated land. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of a combination of types of mulch and the height of the beds which can create the right microenvironment so as to increase the growth and yield of shallot plants. The hypothesis of this study is that the use of a combination of types of mulch and the height of the beds has a different effect on the microenvironment, growth and yield of shallot plants. This research was conducted from February to April 2023 in Menggare Village, Slahung District, Ponorogo Regency. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications which included M1: no mulch and 30 cm bed high, M2: rice straw mulch and 30 cm bed high, M3: silver black plastic mulch and 30 cm bed high, M4: without mulch and 40 cm bed high, M5: mulched rice straw and 40 cm bed high, M6: silver black plastic mulch and 40 cm bed high, M7: without mulch and 50 cm bed high, M8: rice straw mulch and 50 cm bed high, and M9: silver black plastic mulch and 50 cm bed high. The experiment was carried out on plots/beds with an area of 2,2 m x 1,4 m per plot. Shallot plants were harvested at the age of 60 DAP. Microenvironmental observations were made when the plants were 12, 26, 40, and 54 DAP including soil temperature and soil moisture. Growth observations were made when the plants were 14, 28, 42, and 56 DAP including plant length, number of leaves, and leaf area. Yield observations were made when the plants were 60 DAP including tuber fresh weight, total plant fresh weight, tuber dry weight, total plant dry weight, number of tubers, number of tillers, and tuber yield per hectare. The observation data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. If from the test results there is a significant effect, it is continued by using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the combination of mulch type and bed height on minimum and maximum soil temperature, minimum and maximum soil moisture, number of leaves, leaf area, tuber fresh weight, tuber dry weight, total plant dry weight, and yield. Treatment of silver black plastic mulch with a bed height of 40 cm, straw mulch with a bed height of 50 cm, and silver black plastic mulch with a bed height of 50 cm can reduce soil temperature fluctuations and maintain soil moisture which can increase growth (number of leaves and leaf area) and shallot production. Treatment of silver black plastic mulch with a bed height of 40 cm, straw mulch with a bed height of 50 cm, and silver black plastic mulch with a bed height of 50 cm can produce tuber production of 12,06 tons/ha, 12,24 tons/ha, and 12,49 tons/ha respectively, an increase of 29,96%, 31,9%, and 34,6% compared to treatment without mulch at a bed height of 30 cm.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040344 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Feb 2024 06:56 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Feb 2024 06:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215861 |
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