Armandoni, Eggy Akhmad and Dr. Budi Waluyo, SP., MP. and Dr. Darmawan Saptadi, SP., MP., SP., MP. (2023) Identifikasi Keragaman Ketahanan Genotip Padi Gogo terhadap Cekaman Kemasaman pada Fase Germinasi dan Verifikasi Penampilan pada Lahan Sawah. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Luasan lahan padi di Indonesia semakin lama semakin berkurang akibat alih fungsi lahan yang terjadi, dan menjadi tantangan terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional di masa mendatang. Salah satu halangan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas padi di Indonesia ialah masalah kesuburan tanah, seperti kemasaman tanah. Masalah atas rendahnya produksi padi nasional juga dapat diatasi dengan mengembangkan varietas padi gogo unggul melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakter perkecambahan padi pada cekaman masam serta karakter agronomis padi terhadap hasil panen melalui analisi koefisien korelasi, analisis jalur dan genotype-by-trait biplot. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu (1) pengujian ketahanan genotipe padi gogo terhadap cekaman kemasaman pada fase perkecambahan (2) evaluasi keragaman dan penampilan padi gogo pada lahan sawah. 10 genotipe padi yang diuji meliputi: G1: 19I-06-09-23-03, G2: 21B-57-21-21-23, G3: 23A-56-20-07-20, G4: 23A-56-22-20-05, G5: 23F-04-10-18-18, G6: Danau Gaung, G7: Inpago 8, G8: Inpago 12, G9: PBM UBB 1, G10: Rindang. Pengujian ketahanan genotipe padi gogo terhadap cekaman kemasaman dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2022 di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman yang berada di Fakultas Pertanian. Percobaan ketahanan masam pada fase perkecambahan dilakukan menggunakan percobaan faktorial yang disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sedangkan pengujian karakter agronomis 10 genotipe padi dilakukan pada lahan percobaan milik Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, yang terletak di Kelurahan Jatimulyo. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Hasil data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan menggunakan uji Duncan (DMRT). Nilai indeks toleransi cekaman/ Stress Tolerance Index (STI) dihitung untuk mengetahui nilai toleransi dari masing-masing genotipe terhadap cekaman masam. Ukuran keragaman dari setiap variabel diamati berdasarkan nilai varians (fenotip, genotip dan lingkungan), koefisien variasi genetik (KVG), koefisien variasi fenotip (KVF). Data kuantitatif karakter perkecambahan dan agronomis dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi genotipik, korelasi fenotipik, analisis jalur dan genotype-by-trait biplot dengan menggunakan software OPSTAT dan R Studio versi 4.3.1. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perlakuan cekaman pH rendah mempengaruhi perkecambahan pada tanaman padi, dimana genotipe PBM UBB 1 menunjukkan performa terbaik berdasarkan stabilitas karakter panjang akar, bobot kering akar dan panjang tunas akar pada kondisi cekaman masam. Karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan per rumpun, panjang daun bendera, jumlah anakan produktif, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 gabah dan hasil gabah per hektar memiliki nilai keragaman genetik tinggi, sedangkan karakter panjang malai dan bobot gabah bernas memiliki nilai keragaman genetik sedang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 3. Terdapat genotipe toleran cekaman masam pada fase perkecambahan yang memiliki hasil panen yang tinggi, yaitu “19I-06-09-23-03”, “Danau Gaung” dan “Rindang”.
English Abstract
The area of rice fields in Indonesia is gradually decreasing due to land conversion, posing a challenge to the national food security in the future. One of the obstacles in increasing rice productivity in Indonesia is soil fertility issues, such as soil acidity. The problem of low national rice production can also be addressed by developing superior upland rice varieties through plant breeding activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the relationship between rice germination characteristics under acid stress and agronomic traits of rice towards crop yield through correlation coefficient analysis, path analysis, and genotype-by-trait biplot analysis. This research was conducted in two phases: (1) testing the tolerance of upland rice genotypes to acid stress during the germination phase and (2) evaluating the diversity and performance of upland rice in wet land. The 10 tested upland rice genotypes included: G1: 19I-06-09-23-03, G2: 21B-57-21-21-23, G3: 23A-56-20-07-20, G4: 23A-56-22-20-05, G5: 23F-04-10-18-18, G6: Danau Gaung, G7: Inpago 8, G8: Inpago 12, G9: PBM UBB 1, G10: Rindang. The testing of upland rice genotype tolerance to acid stress was carried out in October 2022 at the Plant Breeding Laboratory within the Faculty of Agriculture. The acid stress experiment during the germination phase was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The testing of agronomic traits of the ten upland rice genotypes was conducted in experimental fields owned by the University of Brawijaya, located in the Jatimulyo village. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. The observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F-test), followed by a Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for comparison. The Stress Tolerance Index (STI) was calculated to determine the tolerance values of each genotype to acid stress. The diversity of each observed variable was based on variance values (phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental), genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). Quantitative data on germination and agronomic characteristics were analyzed using genotypic correlation analysis, phenotypic correlation analysis, path analysis, and genotype-by-trait biplot analysis using OPSTAT and R Studio version 4.3.1 software. This research showed that low pH stress treatment affected the germination of rice plants, where the PBM UBB 1 genotype exhibited the best performance in terms of root length, root dry weight, and shoot length under acid stress conditions. Agronomic traits such as plant height, number of tillers per hill, flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvesting age, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per hectare exhibited high genetic diversity. Meanwhile, panicle length and filled grain weight showed moderate genetic diversity. The results showed that there are acid-tolerant genotypes in the germination phase that have high yield, namely "19I-06-09-23-03," "Danau Gaung," and "Rindang."
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0423040015 |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Bioteknologi Agroindustri, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Feb 2024 05:31 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Feb 2024 05:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215593 |
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