Pengaruh Teknik Budidaya pada Pertanaman Hortikultura terhadap Keanekaragaman, Kelimpahan, dan Komposisi Serangga Predator.

Sari., Apriliawati Puspita and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo,, SU. (2024) Pengaruh Teknik Budidaya pada Pertanaman Hortikultura terhadap Keanekaragaman, Kelimpahan, dan Komposisi Serangga Predator. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanaman hortikultura merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang banyak dibudidayakan dan menjadi bahan makanan untuk masyarakat Indonesia. Permintaan produk hortikultura dalam 10 tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan secara terus menerus. Namun, produksi komoditas hortikultura khususnya di Indonesia seringkali mengalami fluktuasi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Salah satu masalah yang menyerang tanaman hortikultura ialah adanya serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menekan penggunaan pestisida dalam mengendalikan serangan hama ialah dengan menerapkan konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) yakni pemanfaatan musuh alami, salah satunya serangga predator. Perbedaan teknik budidaya dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga predator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi serangga predator berdasarkan teknik budidaya pada lahan hortikultura di komunitas pertanian organik Brenjonk dan luar komunitas pertanian organik Brenjonk. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua lahan pertanaman hortikultura yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Trawas, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur dan dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga November 2023. Pengambilan sampel serangga predator dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi secara berkala dengan interval waktu pengamatan 5 hari. Pada masing-masing lahan diletakkan beberapa perangkap seperti pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, yellow sticky trap yang dipasang selama kurang lebih 24 jam dengan jarak antar trap sebesar 1 meter, serta menggunakan sweep net dan metode hand-picking. Spesimen yang didapatkan selanjutnya diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop stereo dengan mengacu pada buku dan beberapa literatur lain yang mendukung. Pengambilan data teknik budidaya dilakukan dengan cara wawancara narasumber, yakni petani atau pemilik lahan. Data diolah dalam Microsoft Excel, kemudian dilakukan uji normalitas. Apabila data berdistribusi normal maka dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Lalu dilakukan analisis ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity) menggunakan RStudio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah serangga predator lebih banyak pada lahan organik didapatkan sebanyak 299 individu yang terbagi dalam 5 ordo, 8 famili, dan 14 morfospesies. Serangga predator yang ditemukan pada kedua lahan didominasi oleh ordo Hymenoptera dan Coleoptera. Kondisi lahan organik dengan tidak mengaplikasikan pestisida, vegetasi yang beragam, dan penanaman refugia menyebabkan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga predator lebih tinggi dibandingkan lahan konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik budidaya secara organik dan konvensional memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga predator, serta komposisi serangga predator.

English Abstract

Horticultural crops are one of the agricultural commodities that are widely cultivated and become food for the Indonesian people. Demand for horticultural products in the last 10 years has increased continuously. However, the production of horticultural commodities, especially in Indonesia, has often experienced fluctuations in recent years. One of the problems that attack horticultural plants is the attack of plant pests (OPT). Efforts that can be made to reduce the use of pesticides in controlling pest attacks are by implementing the concept of integrated pest management (IPM), namely the use of natural enemies, one of which is predatory insects. Differences in cultivation techniques can influence the diversity and abundance of predatory insects. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the diversity, abundance and composition of predatory insects based on cultivation techniques on horticultural land in the Brenjonk Organic Farming Community and outside the Brenjonk Organic Farming Community. The research was carried out on two horticultural plantations located in Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java and carried out from September to November 2023. Predatory insect sampling was carried out using a regular observation method with an observation interval of 5 days. In each area, several traps are placed, such as pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, yellow sticky traps, which are installed for approximately 24 hours with a distance between traps of 1 meter, and using a sweep net and hand-picking method. The specimens obtained were then identified using a stereo microscope by referring to books and several other supporting literature. Data collection on cultivation techniques was carried out by interviewing sources, namely farmers or land owners. The data was processed in Microsoft Excel, then a normality test was carried out. If the data is normally distributed then proceed with the BNJ test with an error level of 5%. Then an ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity) analysis was carried out using RStudio. The results showed that the number of predatory insects was greater at organic, with 299 individuals divided into 5 orders, 8 families and 14 morphospecies. The predatory insects found at both locations were dominated by the orders Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. The condition of the organic land, which does not apply pesticides, diverse vegetation, and refugia planting, causes the diversity and abundance of predatory insects to be higher compared to conventional land. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that organic and conventional cultivation techniques have significant differences in the diversity and abundance of predatory insects, as well as composition of predatory insects.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0524040007
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username nova
Date Deposited:	15 Feb 2024 04:55
Last Modified:	15 Feb 2024 04:55
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215480

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