Tamashi., Alvaro Indra and Muhammad Akhid Syib’li,, S.P., M.P., Ph.D. (2024) Efektivitas Biokontrol Trichoderma sp. terhadap Patogen Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium sp. dan Potensinya sebagai Promotor Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman komoditas hortikultura yang dimanfaatkan buahnya untuk bumbu dapur dan sebagai konsumsi maupun kebutuhan industri, namun produksi cabai rawit di Indonesia tidak terus meningkat sehingga mengalami fluktuasi. Fenomena fluktuasi produksi tanaman cabai rawit terjadi karena berbagai macam faktor, salah satunya adalah akibat serangan patogen penyebab penyakit layu Fusarium sp. yang dapat menurunkan produksi hingga 50%. Selama ini, pengendalian terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium sp. telah dilakukan menggunakan fungisida kimia yang dinilai tidak ramah lingkungan dan perlu adanya pengendalian alternatif lain, salah satunya adalah penggunaan Trichoderma sp. sebagai jamur antagonis terhadap jamur Fusarium sp. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian terhadap efektivitas biokontrol Trichoderma sp. dalam menekan pertumbuhan jamur Fusarium sp. Penelitian terhadap potensi biokontrol jamur Trichoderma sp. sebagai biokontrol terhadap patogen penyebab layu Fusarium sp. dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo dari bulan September 2023 hingga Desember 2023. Penelitian ini berlangsung di Agrotechno Park UB Kebun Jatikerto dan Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan 3, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan. Penelitian ini meliputi isolasi sampel jamur Trichoderma sp. dan Fusarium sp. uji patogenisitas, uji antagonis, uji volatilitas, aplikasi Trichoderma sp. pada tanaman, dan pengamatan masa inkubasi serta intensitas penyakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap untuk di laboratorium dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu A: Fusarium sp., sebagai kontrol B: Trichoderma sp. rizosfer bambu, C: Trichoderma sp. rizosfer cabai rawit, D: Trichoderma sp. rizosfer tebu, dan D: Trichoderma sp. rizosfer pisang yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali dan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok untuk untuk penelitian di lapang dengan 4 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 10 kali. Penelitian efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dalam menghambat Fusarium sp. juga ditambahkan perlakuan fungisida dengan bahan aktif benomil 50% sebagai kontrol positif. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan ANOVA dan data yang berbeda nyata dilakukan uji DMRT pada taraf 5%. Analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2019 dan IBM SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan Trichoderma sp. hasil eksplorasi 4 rizosfer komoditas pertanian memiki potensi daya hambat untuk menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. yang teruji secara in vitro dengan rerata daya hambat non-volatil tertinggi mencapai 78,28% yang ditunjukkan dengan 3 mekanisme penghambatan yang berbeda. Sedangkan rerata daya hambat volatil mencapai 43,32%. Selain itu, Trichoderma sp. dengan daya hambat tertinggi dapat menekan pertumbuhan Fusarium sp. di lapang teruji selama fase vegetatif dan berpengaruh terhadap laju pertumbuhan tanaman dengan rerata tinggi tanaman mencapai 27,62 cm dan rerata jumlah daun tertinggi mencapai 16,4 helai. Pengujian secara in vitro dan in vivo menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan Trichoderma sp. berpengaruh nyata terhadap berbagai parameter pengamatan.
English Abstract
The cayenne pepper plant (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the horticultural commodity crops whose fruit is used for kitchen spices and for consumption and industrial needs, however cayenne pepper production in Indonesia does not continue to increase it experiences fluctuations. The phenomenon of fluctuations in cayenne pepper plant production occurs due to various factors, one of which is the attack of the pathogen that causes Fusarium sp. which can reduce production by up to 50%. So far, control of Fusarium sp. wilt disease has been carried out using chemical fungicides which are considered not environmentally friendly and other alternative controls are needed, one of which is the use of Trichoderma sp. as an antagonistic fungus against Fusarium sp. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the effectiveness of biocontrol of Trichoderma sp. in suppressing the growth of the fungus Fusarium sp. Research on the biocontrol potential of the fungus Trichoderma sp. as biocontrol against the pathogen that causes Fusarium sp. was carried out in vitro and in vivo from September 2023 to December 2023. This research took place at Agrotechno Park UB, Jatikerto and Plant Disease Laboratory 3, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases. This research includes the isolation of samples of the fungus Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. pathogenicity test, antagonist test, volatility test, application of Trichoderma sp. on plants, and observing the incubation period and disease intensity. This research used a completely randomized design in the laboratory with 5 treatments, namely A: Fusarium sp., as control B: Trichoderma sp. bamboo rhizosphere, C: Trichoderma sp. cayenne pepper rhizosphere, D: Trichoderma sp. sugarcane rhizosphere, and D: Trichoderma sp. the banana rhizosphere was repeated 4 times and used a randomized block design for field research with 4 treatments repeated 10 times. Fungicide treatment with the active ingredient benomil 50% was also added as a positive control. The data obtained were processed using ANOVA and data that was significantly different was subjected to the DMRT test at the 5% level. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS 25. The results showed that treatment with Trichoderma sp. the results of exploration of 4 rhizosphere agricultural commodities have potential inhibitory power to suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. which was tested in vitro with the highest average non-volatile inhibitory power reaching 78.28% which was demonstrated by 3 different inhibitory mechanisms. Meanwhile, the average volatile inhibition reached 39.19%. In addition, Trichoderma sp. with the highest inhibitory power could suppress the growth of Fusarium sp. in the field tested for vegetative phase and had an effect on plant growth rate with the average plant height reaching 27.62 cm and the highest average number of leaves reaching 16.4 pieces. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that treatment with Trichoderma sp. had a real effect on various observation parameters.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0524040005 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Feb 2024 03:38 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Feb 2024 03:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215439 |
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