Purwantoro., Aldy and Prof. Dr. Ir. Retno Dyah Puspitarini,, M.S. (2023) Kelimpahan Kepik Renda Vatiga illudens dan Arthropod yang Berasosiasi di Pertanaman Singkong pada Dataran Tinggi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Singkong Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) merupakan umbi akar yang banyak dikonsumsi sebagai makanan pokok selain beras, jagung, dan ubi jalar. Tanaman singkong banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Keberadaan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) pada tanaman singkong dapat menyebabkan turunnya hasil produksi tanaman singkong. Salah satu OPT yang menyerang tanaman singkong di Indonesia adalah kepik renda Vatiga illudens (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Kepik renda dilaporkan masuk ke Indonesia pada tahun 2021 pertanaman singkong di beberapa wilayah di Jawa Timur. Kepik renda merupakan golongan serangga dari filum Arthropoda. Arthropod mampu hidup pada berbagai tempat serta dapat beradaptasi dengan baik. Keadaan faktor abiotik berpengaruh penting terhadap kelimpahan serta keragaman arthropod. Dengan demikian penelitian mengenai kelimpahan kepik renda dan arthropod yang berasosiasi di pertanaman singkong pada dataran tinggi perlu untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei–Agustus 2023 di tiga lahan pertanaman singkong yang berbeda. Lahan pertama (I) berada pada ketinggian 708 mdpl, lahan kedua (II) berada pada ketinggian 861 mdpl, dan lahan ketiga (III) berada pada ketinggian 950 mdpl. Tanaman singkong yang ditetapkan sebagai tanaman contoh berjumlah 15 tanaman pada setiap lahan. Daun contoh diambil dari setiap tanaman contoh sebanyak tiga daun yang mewakili masing-masing letak daun yaitu daun bagian atas, tengah, dan bawah. Pengambilan daun contoh dilakukan seminggu sekali selama dua bulan atau delapan minggu. Dengan demikian dalam satu minggu jumlah tanaman contoh yang diamati sebanyak 45 tanaman dan total daun yang diamati sebanyak 135 daun. Pengambilan daun contoh dilakukan dengan cara menyungkup daun menggunakan plastik berlabel kemudian daun dipotong. Perhitungan kepik renda dan arthropod yang ditemukan dilakukan dengan meletakkan setiap daun contoh tanaman singkong pada cawan Petri di bawah mikroskop stereo. Identifikasi dilakukan terhadap seluruh arthropod yang ditemukan. Data kelimpahan kepik renda dan arthropod yang berasosiasi di setiap lahan dikelompokkan berdasarkan taksa dan peran ekologisnya. Data yang diperoleh tidak berdistribusi normal berdasarkan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Oleh karena itu, data kelimpahan kepik renda pada masing-masing lahan dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik Kruskal Wallis. Apabila hasil analisis menunjukkan data yang berbeda nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunn pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelimpahan kepik renda dan kondisi cuaca pada setiap lahan dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Nilai indeks keragaman arthropod pada setiap lahan dianalisis menggunakan indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener. Nilai indeks kemerataan dihitung dengan membagi nilai indeks keragaman dengan jumlah spesies yang ditemukan pada masing-masing lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketinggian tempat berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan populasi kepik renda pada tanaman singkong. Kelimpahan kepik renda pada lahan singkong di ketinggian 708 mdpl lebih tinggi daripada lahan singkong di ketinggian 861 dan 950 mdpl. Berdasarkan letak daun tanaman singkong, kelimpahan kepik renda paling tinggi terdapat pada daun yang letaknya di tengah dibanding daun yang letaknya di atas dan di bawah. Selain kepik renda, ditemukan arthropod lain yang berperan sebagai herbivor yaitu Tetranychus sp., Bemisia tabaci, Phenacoccus manihoti., dan Polydrusus sp.; arthropod yang berperan sebagai predator yaitu laba-laba famili Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, dan Tetragnathidae; tungau predator Anystis sp., Neoseiulus sp., dan Phytoseiulus sp.; serangga predator Stethorus sp., Oligota sp., Feltiella sp., Calomyrmex sp., Odontoponera sp., dan Dolichoderus sp.
English Abstract
Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) is a root tuber widely consumed as a staple food besides rice, corn, and sweet potatoes. Cassava plants are widely cultivated in Indonesia. Pests in cassava plants can decrease cassava plant production. One of pest attacks cassava plants in Indonesia is the lace bug Vatiga illudens (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae). The lace bug was reported to have entered Indonesia on 2021 in cassava plantations in several areas in East Java. Lace bugs are a group of insects from the phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods can live in various places and can adapt well. The state of abiotic factors has an important influence on the abundance and diversity of arthropods. Thus, research about the abundance of lace bugs and associated arthropods in cassava plantations in the highlands needs to be studied. Research was conducted in May–August 2023 at three different cassava fields. The first field (I) at 708 masl, the second field (II) at 861 masl, and the third field (III) at 950 masl. There were 15 cassava plants designated as sample plants in each field. Three leaf samples were taken from each sample plant, representing each leaf location, the top, middle, and bottom leaves. Leaf samples are collected once a week for two months or eight weeks. Thus, in one week the number of sample plants observed was 45 plants and the total number of leaves observed was 135 leaves. Sample leaves were collected by covering the leaves using labeled plastic and then cut the leaves. To count, each leaf of a cassava plant sample was observed in a Petri dish under a stereo microscope. All arthropods found in the field are identified. The abundance data of lace bugs and associated arthropods in each field were grouped based on taxa and ecological role. The data obtained was not normally distributed based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Therefore, data on the abundance of lace bugs in each field were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test. If the result of the analysis showed significantly different, the data were analyzed with Dunn test at level 5% error. To determine the relation between the abundance of lace bugs and weather conditions in each field, it was analyzed using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient test. The arthropod diversity index value in each field was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The evenness index value was calculated by dividing the diversity index value by the number of species found in each field. The results of the research show that altitude influences the abundance of the lace bug population in cassava plants. The abundance of lace bugs in cassava fields at 708 masl altitudes is higher than in cassava fields at 861 and 950 masl altitudes. Based on the location of the cassava plant leaves, the abundance of lace bugs is highest on the leaves located in the middle compared to the leaves located at the top and bottom. Besides lace bug, other arthropods were found that role as herbivore, there were Tetranychus sp., Bemisia tabaci, Phenacoccus manihoti, and Polydrusus sp.; arthropods that role as predators are spiders from the Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, and Tetragnathidae families; predatory mites Anystis sp., Neoseiulus sp., and Phytoseiulus sp.; predatory insects Stethorus sp.,Oligota sp., Feltiella sp., Calomyrmex sp., Odontoponera sp., and Dolichoderus sp.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040320 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username nova |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Feb 2024 06:14 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Feb 2024 06:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215399 |
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