-, Henri (2017) Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Sebagai Basis Upaya Konservasi Lingkungan Melalui Konsep Ekowisata Di Hutan Pelawan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, dengan tingkat ancaman kepunahan biodiversitasnya juga tinggi. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh adanya degradasi lingkungan, sehingga memerlukan upaya konservasi. Konservasi sumber daya alam dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat dalam melestarikan lingkungannya dan melakukan upaya pengembangan melalui konsep ekowisata. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan sejarah Hutan Pelawan, kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam mendukung upaya pengembangan potensi sumber daya alam dan menganalisis persepsi wisatawan terhadap objek ekowisata Hutan Pelawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2016-Februari 2017 di Taman Keanekaragaman Hayati Hutan Pelawan, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Bangka Belitung. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui kegiatan wawancara secara mendalam (in-depth interview), inventarisasi diversitas flora dan fauna, penyebaran kuesioner wisatawan dan melakukan kegiatan FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Data sejarah hutan dan kearifan lokal dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan data mengenai ekowisata dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan skala Likert. Data dilanjutkan melalui kegiatan FGD untuk merumuskan analisis SWOT yang berguna dalam mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman terhadap pengembangan ekowisata Hutan Pelawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hutan Pelawan setelah dijadikan sebagai Taman Kehati Hutan Pelawan, memiliki 3 fungsi utama yaitu: fungsi konservasi sumber daya hayati, fungsi pembangunan berkelanjutan, dan fungsi logistic support (penelitian, pendidikan, dan monitoring). Diversitas Hutan Pelawan terutama flora hasil inventarisasi terdapat 41 jenis dari 24 famili tumbuhan, yang didominasi famili Myrtaceae. Hutan Pelawan memiliki spesies kunci berupa pohon pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis), sedangkan spesies yang rentan terhadap ancaman kepunahan yaitu pohon namang (Gonystylus bancanus). Pada kelompok Fauna Hutan Pelawan yang diolah dari data sekunder, terdapat 135 jenis fauna yang terdiri dari: amphibi 3 famili (6 jenis), reptil 8 famili (16 jenis), burung 35 famili (99 jenis), dan mamalia 8 famili (14 jenis). Selain itu, fauna Hutan Pelawan memiliki spesies endemik Pulau Bangka yaitu: burung paok hijau (Pitta sordida) dan spesies bendera (flagship species) yaitu mentilin (Cephalopachus bancanus). Pengembangan Hutan Pelawan sebagai ekowisata melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengelolaannya melalui kearifan yang ada seperti: adat tradisi nganggung, dimana tradisi ini mencermikan nilai-nilai kebersamaan dan saling membantu antar warga dan dilakukan pada hari-hari besar keagamaan umat islam. Saat ini, tradisi tersebut mulai dikembangkan sebagai wisata kuliner yang tetap mempertahankan nilai-nilai budaya masyarakat. Tradisi musung madu juga dikenal sebagai kearifan lokal yang mendukung pengembangan viii ekowisata Hutan Pelawan. Madu yang ada di Hutan Pelawan dikenal sebagai lebah madu liar (Apis dorsata), oleh masyarakat kegiatan musung madu ini sebagai salah satu kegiatan untuk mendapatkan air madu dengan teknik pengasapan. Selain itu, masyarakat juga mempercayai bahwa tumbuhnya jamur Pelawan (Heimioporus sp.) yang menjadi daya tarik wisata, hanya dapat muncul saat hujan disertai dengan petir. Jamur ini juga hanya dapat tumbuh disekitar pohon pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis) sebagai inangnya. Hutan Pelawan berdasarkan persepsi wisatawan sangat sesuai sebagai kawasan ekowisata, hal ini didukung oleh potensi sumber daya alam yang khas dan unik, sosialbudaya, keterlibatan masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan yang dapat memberi manfaat langsung dalam mendukung peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat tersebut. Beberapa hal masih menjadi perhatiaan khusus dalam pengembangan ekowisata Hutan Pelawan seperti: aksesibilitas, sarana dan prasarana, kegiatan promosi, dan serta perlunya peningkatan kesadaran wisatawan mengenai lingkungan untuk mencegah dampak terburuk terhadap ekowisata Hutan Pelawan. Berdasarkan dari sejarah Hutan Pelawan yang didukung oleh diversitas flora dan fauna yang khas dan unik, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kearifan lokal mempunyai peran yang sangatlah penting sebagai upaya dalam menjaga dan melestarikannya. Hutan Pelawan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pusat pembelajaran maupun penelitian berdasarkan potensinya, serta dapat memberi dampak positif dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat lokal.
English Abstract
Indonesia is known as a country that has high biodiversity. Unfortunately, the threat of biodiversity extinction is also high. This was caused by the environment degradation that occurred. Thus, conservation effort should be done immediately. Conservation of natural resources can be done by integrating local knowledge of the community in preserving the environment and undertaking the development efforts using ecotourism concept. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the history of the development of Pelawan Forest, the local wisdom of the community in supporting the development of natural resource potential and analyze the tourists' perception of the Pelawan Forest as the ecotourism object. This study was conducted in October 2016-February 2017 at Pelawan Forest Biodiversity Park Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung. The research methods used were the in-depth interview, diversity inventory of flora and fauna, questionnaire distribution for the tourist and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Forest history data and local wisdom were analyzed descriptively qualitative while data on ecotourism was analyzed quantitatively using a Likert scale. Then, FGD forum is held to formulate SWOT analysis so that the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and Threats to the development of ecotourism in Pelawan Forest could be predicted. The research results showed that Pelawan Forest had three main functions after it was converted into Pelawan Forest Biodiversity Park, namely: biological resources conservation, sustainable development, and logistic support (research, education, and monitoring). The diversity in Pelawan Forest is dominated with the flora there were 41 species from 24 plant families, which resulted from the biodiversity inventory which was dominated by Myrtaceae family. The keystone species in Pelawan Forest is pelawan tree (Tristaniopsis merguensis), while the species prone to the threat of extinction is the namang tree (Gonystylus bancanus). From the secondary data on fauna in Pelawan Forest, it was found that there were 135 fauna species consisting of: 3 amphibians families (6 species), 8 reptiles families (16 species), 35 birds families (99 species), and 8 mammals families (14 species ). Furthermore, in the Pelawan Forest the endemic species of Bangka Island also could be found, i.e., green paok (Pitta sordida) and flagship species namely mentilin (Cephalopachus bancanus). The development of Pelawan Forest as the ecotourism object also involved the community in its management through the existing local wisdom such as nganggung tradition in which this tradition reflects the togetherness values and mutual help among the citizens and is held on religious holidays of Muslims. Now a days, the tradition has begun to be developed as a culinary tourism while at the same time hold onto the cultural values of society. Musung madu tradition is also known as one of the local wisdom that supports x the development of ecotourism in Pelawan Forest. The honey bee in Pelawan Forest is known as the wild honey bee (Apis dorsata). Musung madu is the activity done by the community to obtain honey by using a smoking technique. In addition, the community also believed that Pelawan mushroom (Heimioporus sp.) which became the tourist attraction would only appear when it rains accompanied by lightning. This mushroom can only grow around the pelawan tree (Tristaniopsis merguensis) as its host. Based on the tourists' perception, Pelawan Forest was very suitable as an ecotourism area as it was supported by a peculiar and unique potential of natural resources, sociocultural, local community involvement in the management and development that could provide direct advantages in supporting the community's economic development. There was some aspect that became the main concern in the development of Pelawan Forest as ecotourism objects such as the accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, promotional activities, and the need to increase the tourist's awareness' of the environment to prevent the worst impact on ecotourism in Pelawan Forest. Based on the history of Pelawan Forest which was supported by particular and unique diversity of flora and fauna, it can be concluded that the local wisdom has a pivotal role in maintaining and preserving the biodiversity in the forest. Based on its potential, Pelawan Forest is expected to be a learning and research center and can give a positive impact on the local communities' economic development.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/338.479 1/HEN/k/2017/041704835 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ECOTOURISM, ECOTORISM - ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, INDONESIA - KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG, FOREST MANAGEMENT |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.4 Secondary industries and services > 338.47 Services and specific products > 338.479 1 Services and specific products (Geography and travel) |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Jul 2017 07:41 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Dec 2020 08:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/215 |
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