Purba, Reipanly and Yunita Eka Puspitasari, S.Pd, MP and Heder Djamaludi, S.Pi, M.Si (2023) Identifikasi Senyawa Fitokimia Flavonoid dari Ekstrak Metanol Mangrove Buah Lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) Sebagai Inhibitor Enzim α- Glukosidase. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Diabetes adalah gangguan metabolisme kronis yang ditandai dengan defisiensi yang absolut dalam proses pencernaan dan kerja insulin yang berhubungan pada hiperglikemia yang akut dan gangguan proses penyerapan karbohidrat, lipid dan protein. Salah satu cara untuk menghambatnya ialah menggunakan inhibitor enzim α-glukosidase. Enzim α-glukosidase merupakan enzim penting yang berperan dalam hidrolisis karbohidrat menjadi glukosa,penghambatan pada enzim ini akan memiliki efek memperlambat penyerapan glukosa. Salah satu inhibitor alami yang bisa digunakan ialah tanaman mangrove.Tanaman mangrove lindur (B. gymnorrhiza) mengandung senyawa metabolit seperti flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, saponin dan alkaloid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengetahui senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung pada ekstrak metanol buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor α- glukosidase. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut metanol, lalu diidentifikasi seyawa fitokimia menggunakan metode LC-MC/MS dan analisis in vitro. Selain itu dilakukan juga determinasi terhadap sampel buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza), perhitungan rendemen tepung, ekstrak heksan, etil asetat dan metanol, dan pengujian kadar air. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk mengekstraksi seyawa fitokimia yang terdapat pada buah lindur (B. gymnorrhiza) yang dapat berpotensi sebagai penghambat enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan determinasi terhadap sampel buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza), rendemen, dan kadar air. Rendemen kering tepung yang didapatkan sebesar 25,36 %, ekstrak heksan sebesar 0,58 %, etil asetat sebesar 1,64 % dan ekstrak metanol sebesar 23,64 %. Hasil identifikasi senyawa fitokimia dari uji LC-MS/MS menghasilkan beberapa senyawa kelompok flavonoid seperti isorhamnetin, 3-methoxyapigenin, quercetin, luteolin dan acacetin -7-O- neohesperidoside serta kelompok lipid seperti alfa linolecid acid. Senyawa golongan flavonoid yang terdapat dalam buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) mengandung nilai total flavonoid sebesar 24.352 mg QE/ g dengan konsentrasi 1000 ppm. Pada penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase ekstrak metanol buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) didapatkan nilai IC50 774,108 ppm. Nilai IC50 yang didapatkan cukup rendah dibandingkan dengan acarbose yang memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 147,58 ppm. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari analisis in vitro ekstrak buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) ialah bahwa tingkat kemampuan ekstrak metanol buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase lebih rendah dibandingkan acarbose. Perbandingan nilai IC50 antara acarbose dengan ekstak sampel memiliki selisih yang besar, dimana ini berarti ekstrak metanol buah lindur (B.gymnorrhiza) masih dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase walaupun sedikit lebih lemah.
English Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency in the digestive process and insulin action associated with acute hyperglycemia and impaired absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. One way to inhibit it is to use an α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor. The α-glucosidase enzyme is an important enzyme that plays a role in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates into glucose. Inhibition of this enzyme will have the effect of slowing glucose absorption. One natural inhibitor that can be used is the mangrove plant. The lindur mangrove plant (B. gymnorrhiza) contains metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins and alkaloids. The aim of this research is to determine the phytochemical compounds contained in the methanol extract of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza) which have the potential to act as α-glucosidase inhibitors. This research was conducted to determine the potential of lindur fruit extract (B.gymnorrhiza) using the maceration extraction method with methanol solvent, then identifying phytochemical compounds using the LC-MC/MS method and in vitro analysis. Apart from that, determination was also carried out on samples of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza), calculation of the yield of flour, hexane extract, ethyl acetate and methanol, and water content testing. The research method used is an experimental method to extract phytochemical compounds found in lindur fruit (B. gymnorrhiza) which have the potential to act as inhibitors of the α-glucosidase enzyme in vitro. On this research carried out determinations on samples of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza), yield, and water content. The dry yield of flour obtained was 25.36%, hexane extract was 0.58%, ethyl acetate was 1.64% and methanol extract was 23.64%. The results of the identification of phytochemical compounds from the LC-MS/MS test produced several flavonoid group compounds such as isorhamnetin, 3-methoxyapigenin, quercetin, luteolin andacacetin -7-O- neohesperidoside as well as lipid groups such as alpha linolecid acid. Flavonoid compounds found in lindur fruit (B. gymnorrhiza) contain a total flavonoid value of 24,352 mg QE/ 100 g with a concentration of 1000 ppm. On enzyme inhibition α- glucosidase from the methanol extract of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza) obtained an IC50 value of 774.108 ppm. The IC50 value obtained is quite low compared to acarbose which has an IC50 value of 147.58 ppm. That conclusion what can be taken from the in vitro analysis of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza) is that the level of ability of the methanol extract of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza) to inhibit the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme is lower than acarbose. The comparison of the IC50 values between acarbose and the sample extract has a large difference, which means that the methanol extract of lindur fruit (B.gymnorrhiza), can stil inhibisi the activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme, although slightly weaker.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052308 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Teknologi Hasil Perikanan |
| Depositing User: | Nur Subchan |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jan 2024 03:41 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2024 03:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/212222 |
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