Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Pemerintah Dalam Mengelola Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Pada Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta)

Aprilliani, Nadya and Dr. Sujarwoto,, S.IP., M.Si., MPA and I Gede Eko Putra Sri Sentanu,, S.AP., M.AP., Ph.D. (2023) Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Pemerintah Dalam Mengelola Program Pengentasan Kemiskinan Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Pada Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) sebagai upaya untuk menahan laju penyebaran Covid-19 hampir menghentikan seluruh aktivitas masyarakat dan berdampak demikian besar pada kinerja perekonomian. Penurunan kinerja perekonomian melemahkan pengeluaran konsumsi rumah tangga (PKRT) yang terkontraksi cukup dalam sebesar minus 5,23% dan tidak mampu lagi menjadi penggerak perekonomian. Secara normative fakir miskin dan anak-anak yang terlantar akan dipelihara oleh Negara, sehingga Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta dalam memberikan perlindungan sosial serta pemulihan perekonomian, membuat beragam skema bantuan sosial serta subsidi untuk mencukupi hak dasar, meringankan tanggungan, dan memperbaiki tingkat hidup warga Jakarta yang kurang berkecukupan. Dalam menjalankan program pengentasan kemiskinan diperlukan kapasitas sumber daya manusia aparatur yang mumpuni, sehingga ketepatan sasaran bantuan sosial dapat terealisasi dengan tepat dan efektif. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis secara komprehensif dan terinci tentang: (1) kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Pemerintah dalam mengelola program pengentasan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat terdampak pandemi COVID-19, (2) kapasitas baru yang harus dikuasai oleh Pemerintah dalam mengelola program pengentasan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat terdampak pandemi COVID-19, (3) upaya peningkatan kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Pemerintah dalam mengelola program pengentasan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat terdampak pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 fokus penelitian sesuai dengan rumusan masalah yang ada. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yang dikemukakan oleh Miles and Huberman dalam Saldana (2014) dengan buku berjudul “Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook: 2nd edition”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) Pemerintah dalam mengelola program pengentasan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat terdampak pandemi COVID-19 dilakukan melalui 3 aspek, sebagai berikut: pertama pengetahuan, diperoleh hasil pelaksanaan tugas verifikasi dan validasi data bantuan sosial Covid-19 dilaksanakan dengan baik, ditemukan disalah satu kecamatan rumah tangga (ruta) miskin mengalami penurunan, sejak tahun 2019 hingga sekarang jumlah ruta miskin semula sebanyak 7189 rumah ruta, menjadi 2071 ruta. Selanjutnya, pengetahuan tentang prosedur tugas cukup baik, dilihat dari konsistensi bekerja, mulai dari pendataan, verifikasi serta validasi data hingga penyaluran bantuan tersebut sampai kepada penerima. Data penerima bantuan tersebut di update secara berkala dengan tujuan pemerataan kesejahteraan, menghindari bantuan sosial yang tidak tepat sasaran. Kedua keterampilan, diperoleh bahwa keterampilan pegawai Pusdatin Jamsos dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sudah cukup baik, dilihat dari penggunaan aplikasi SIKS�NG serta perhitungan konsumsi masyarakat miskin melalui metode PMT. Hal ini karena Pusdatin Jamsos menyokong pegawainya agar dapat mengikuti bimbingan dan pelatihan teknologi secara rutin sehingga keterampilan dari pegawainya dapat tersertifikasi. Ketiga sikap atau perilaku, diperoleh hasil sikap (attitude) yang dimiliki oleh Pegawai Dinas Sosial DKI Jakarta sangat baik dibuktikan survei pelaksanaan PKT dimana peserta merasa puas dengan sikap atau perilaku pendamping Jakpreneur. (2) Kapasitas Baru yang harus dikuasai oleh Pegawai Dinas Sosial ialah kemampuan pegawai dalam menginventarisasi data dan sistem pendataan dalam pengolahan DTKS, kemampuan pegawai dalam penggunaan teknologi biometric wajah dalam penyaluran bantuan sosial, kemampuan pendamping Jakpreneur dalam usaha meningkatkan kreatif dan inovatif berwirausaha, dan kemampuan pegawai dalam pemetaan kebutuhan dasar masyarakat kurang mampu di wilayah kantong-kantong kemiskinan. (3) Upaya Dinas Sosial Provinsi DKI Jakarta dalam meningkatkan kapasitas pegawainya, meliputi pelatihan dan bimbingan teknis SIKS-NG, pelatihan dan bimtek biometric wajah penerima bantuan sosial, pelatihan berwirausaha bagi Pendamping Jakpreneur, pelatihan pemetaan kebutuhan dasar masyarakat kurang mampu wilayah kantong-kantong kemiskinan melalui FGD. Rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) Pemerintah harus memberikan kewenangan kepada aparat terbawah (kecamatan atau kelurahan) untuk menyusun daftar penerima manfaat agar distribusi bantuan sosial lebih tepat sasaran, tetapi tetap menjaga sistem pelaporan data kepada organisasi terkait untuk memastikan bahwa data tercatat sebagai sumber pemutakhiran data akurat. 2) Dinas Sosial harus menambah staf bagian pengolahan dan pengumpulan DTKS yang memiliki keahlian dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi didukung dengan sertifikasi seperti ICCP (Institute for Certification of Computing Profesionals), Oracle (pengembang database), atau Microsoft (pengembang perangkat lunak). Karena banyaknya data yang harus diperbaiki, jika dikelola hanya dengan sebelas (11) orang tentu tidak akan optimal, secara kesanggupan mungkin bisa diselesaikan namun memakan waktu yang cukup lama, ini akan menjadi faktor terhambat dalam proses pemutakhiran data. 3) Agar masyarakat yang memenuhi kriteria fakir miskin dan orang tidak mampu yang belum terdaftar dalam DTKS dapat secara aktif mendaftarkan diri kepada lurah di tempat tinggalnya, perlu adanya sosialisasi bantuan sosial secara masif kepada masyarakat. 4) Perlu adanya pengembangan teknologi pengenalan retina sebagai pengganti teknologi biometric wajah untuk autentifikasi penerima bantuan sosial di masa pandemi COVID-19. 5) Perlu penegasan terkait posisi Tenaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Kecamatan (TKSK) melalui penerbitan Surat Keputusan (SK) yang diterbitkan oleh pejabat pembina kepegawaian Kementerian Sosial mengenai tugas dan fungsi dari TKSK.

English Abstract

has almost stopped all community activities and has greatly impacted economic performance. Consumer spending fell due to the economy's performance decline, which also affected household consumption. Household spending shrank significantly by minus 5.23%, and it could no longer power Jakarta's economy. The Special Capital District of Jakarta Provincial Government, working with the Special Capital District of Jakarta Provincial Social Service, develops various social assistance programs and subsidies to fulfil basic rights, relieve dependents, and raise the standard of living of Jakarta people who are less fortunate as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Normally, the State is responsible for caring for the poor and neglected children. In carrying out the poverty mitigation program, it is necessary to have the human resource capacity of a suitable apparatus so that the accuracy of the target of social assistance can be realized properly and effectively. Based on this, the goal of this study is to thoroughly and in-depth describe and analyze: (1) The capacity of Human Resources at the Special Capital District of Jakarta Provincial Social Service to manage poverty mitigation programs for communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) The new capacities that the Special Capital District of Jakarta Provincial Social Service must master in managing poverty mitigation programs for communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) Special Capital District of Jakarta Provincial Government's efforts to increase the human resource capacity of the Special Capital District of Jakarta Provincial Social Service in managing poverty mitigation programs for communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a qualitative descriptive methodology to develop a comprehensive understanding of the issues raised by concentrating on processes and searches that are more thorough, in-depth, natural, and as it is. This study uses 3 research focuses according to the existing problem formulation. In-depth interviews, observations, and literature reviews were all used in the data collection process. This study uses the data analysis method proposed by Miles and Huberman in Saldana (2014) with a book entitled “Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook: 2nd edition”. This research shows the results; first, the Provincial Government's Human Resource Capacity (HR) in managing poverty mitigation programs for communities affected by the COVID-19 pandemic through 3 aspects: (1) knowledge, obtained from the results of carrying out the task of verifying and validating Covid social assistance data -19 carried out well, it was found that in one sub-district poor households (households) had decreased, since 2019 until now the number of poor households was originally 7189 households, to 2071 households. Furthermore, knowledge of the task procedures is quite good, seen from the consistency of work, starting from data collection, verification and validation of data until the distribution of the aid reaches the beneficiaries. The data on beneficiaries is updated regularly with the aim of equalizing welfare, avoiding social assistance that is not on target. Both skills, it was found that the skills of Pusdatin Jamsos employees in carrying out their duties were quite good, seen from the use of the SIKS-NG application and the calculation of the consumption of the poor through the PMT method. This is because Pusdatin Jamsos supports its employees to participate in technology guidance and training on a regular basis so that the skills of their employees can be certified. The three attitudes or behaviors, the results of the attitudes possessed by DKI Jakarta Social Service employees were very good as evidenced by the PKT implementation survey where participants were satisfied with the attitudes or behavior of the Jakpreneur assistants. (2) New capacities that must be mastered by Social Service Employees are the ability to inventory data and data collection systems in processing DTKS, the ability to use facial biometric technology in distributing social assistance, the ability to be creative and innovate in entrepreneurship, and the ability to map the basic needs of underprivileged communities in the region poverty pockets. (3) Efforts by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Social Service in increasing the capacity of its employees, including SIKS-NG training and technical guidance, training and technical guidance on facial biometrics for recipients of social assistance, entrepreneurship training for Jakpreneur Assistants, training on mapping the basic needs of underprivileged communities in areas of poverty through Focus Group Discussions. The recommendations from this study include: 1) The government should give authority to the lowest levels of apparatus (district or sub-district) to compile lists of beneficiaries so that the distribution of social assistance is more targeted, but still maintain a data reporting system to related organizations to ensure that data is recorded. as a source of accurate data updates. 2) Social Services must add staff to the processing and collection of DTKS who have expertise in the use of information technology supported by certifications such as ICCP (Institute for Certification of Computing Profesionals), Oracle (database developer), or Microsoft (software developer). Due to the large amount of data that needs to be corrected, if it is managed with only eleven (11) people it will certainly not be optimal. In terms of capability, it may be completed but takes quite a long time, this will be a hindering factor in the process of updating the data. 3) So that people who meet the criteria for being poor and needy people who have not been registered with the DTKS can actively register themselves with the lurah at their place of residence, there is a need for massive outreach of social assistance to the community. 4) It is necessary to develop retina recognition technology as a substitute for facial biometric technology for authentication of social assistance recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 5) It is necessary to confirm the position of the District Social Welfare Worker (TKSK) through the issuance of a Decree (SK) issued by the Ministry of Social staffing officials regarding the duties and functions of TKSK.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0423030071
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kapasitas SDM, Pengentasan Kemiskinan, Masyarakat terdampak COVID-19
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi
Depositing User:	Endang Susworini
Date Deposited:	19 Jan 2024 07:30
Last Modified:	19 Jan 2024 07:30
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/211569

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