Layli, Fifi Aleyda and Akhmad Rizali,, S.P., M.Si., Ph.D (2023) Pengaruh Penanaman Refugia terhadap Keanekaragaman, Kelimpahan, dan Komposisi Parasitoid Hymenoptera pada Lahan Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Desa Tumpang, Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Permintaan jagung di Indonesia yang tinggi diperlukan produksi tanaman jagung yang tinggi. Salah satu daerah penghasil jagung di Indonesia yaitu Kabupaten Malang. Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi petani pada budidaya jagung yaitu adanya serangan hama yang dapat menurunkan produksi tanaman jagung. Pengendalian hama yang dilakukan petani sebagian besar menggunakan pestisida sintetik dan belum menerapkan aplikasi secara bijaksana. Salah satu pengendalian hama yang dapat mengurangi dampak negatif pestisida sintetik yaitu pengendalian ekologis dengan penanaman refugia. Tanaman refugia dapat menjadi habitat sementara dan sumber pakan parasitoid Hymenoptera sehingga dapat memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan parasitoid Hymenoptera. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penanaman refugia terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serta komposisi parasitoid Hymenoptera pada lahan jagung. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2022 – Maret 2023 di lahan jagung Desa Tumpang, Kecamatan Tumpang, Kabupaten Malang dan Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Departemen HPT, FP UB, Malang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada empat area lahan pengamatan. Masing-masing area terdiri dari lahan petak kontrol dan lahan petak perlakuan refugia dengan jarak antar lahan 150 m. Pengamatan dilakukan pada plot 5 m x 5 m dan tiga transek dengan jarak 0 m, 10 m, dan 20 m dari plot 5 m x 5 m. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sekali mulai tanaman jagung berumur 4 MST hingga 10 MST menggunakan yellow pan trap dan pengamatan langsung. Identifikasi parasitoid ordo Hymenoptera dilakukan hingga tingkat famili dan morfospesies. Keseluruhan analisis pengaruh penanaman refugia dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak RStudio versi 4.2.2 tahun 2023. Hasil penelitian didapatkan parasitoid Hymenoptera sebanyak 445 individu yang terdiri dari 16 famili dan 52 morfospesies. Keanekaragaman parasitoid Hymenoptera yang tertinggi yaitu Famili Scelionidae. Sedangkan kelimpahan parasitoid Hymenoptera yang tertinggi yaitu Famili Diapriidae dan Famili Braconidae. Perlakuan refugia dan gradien jarak refugia tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi parasitoid Hymenoptera. Area lokasi lahan penelitian yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi parasitoid Hymenoptera. Keanekaragaman parasitoid Hymenoptera pada lahan area 1 berbeda nyata dengan lahan area 2, 3, dan 4. Sedangkan kelimpahan parasitoid Hymenoptera pada lahan area 1 berbeda nyata dengan lahan area 2 dan 4. Komposisi parasitoid Hymenoptera antar area lahan penelitian mempunyai komposisi spesies dengan kemiripan yang rendah.
English Abstract
The high demand for corn in Indonesia requires high production of corn plants. one of the corn-producing areas in Indonesia, namely Malang Regency. The problem that is often faced by farmers is pest attacks that can reduce corn production. Most of the pest control carried out by farmers uses chemical pesticides and has not implemented the application wisely. One of the pest controls that can reduce the negative impact of chemical pesticides is ecological control by planting refugia. Refugia plants can be a temporary habitat and food source for Hymenoptera parasitoids so that can affect the diversity and abundance of beneficial insects such as parasitoids. Therefore, it is necessary to research to determine the effect of refugia planting on the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids in maize cultivation. The research was conducted from September 2022 - March 2023 in the maize fields of Tumpang Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency, and the Pest Plant Laboratory, HPT Department, Faculty of Agriculture, UB Malang. Sampling was carried out in four areas of observation field. Each area consisted of control plots and refugia treatment plots with a distance of 150 meters between fields. Observations were made on a 5 m x 5 m plot and three transects with a distance of 0 m, 10 m, and 20 m from the 5 m x 5 m plot. Sampling was carried out every 2 weeks from 4 WAP to 10 WAP using yellow pan traps and visual observation. Identification of parasitoids of the order Hymenoptera was carried out down to the family and morphospecies. Analysis of the effect of planting refugia was carried out using the RStudio software version 4.2.2 in 2023. The results showed that 445 individual Hymenoptera parasitoids were consisting of 16 families and 52 morphospecies. The highest diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids is the Scelionidae Family. While the highest abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids were the Diapriidae Family and the Braconidae Family. Refugia treatment and refugia gradient distance did not affect the diversity, abundance, and composition of Hymenoptera parasitoids. Different areas of the study area affect the diversity, abundance, and parasitoids of Hymenoptera. Hymenoptera parasitoids diversity in area 1 was significantly different from areas 2, 3, and 4. Meanwhile, the abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids in area 1 was significantly different from areas 2 and 4. The composition of Hymenoptera parasitoids between study areas had species composition with low similarity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 07:50 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2024 07:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210378 |
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