Khatimah, Junika Khusnul and Dr. Silvi Ikawati, S.P., M.P., M.Sc and Fery Abdul Choliq, S.P., M.P., M.Sc (2023) Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) Terhadap Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura) Pada Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan salah satu jenis hama terpenting yang menyerang tanaman sayuran di Indonesia khususnya pada tanaman sawi. Upaya pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman, dewasa ini masih mengandalkan pada penggunaan pestisida sintetis yang apabila penggunaannya kurang bijaksana akan menyebabkan berbagai dampak negatif sehingga diperlukan alternatif penggunaan insektisida nabati seperti menggunakan daun mengkudu. Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifiola Linn.) berpotensi dijadikan sebagai insektisida nabati. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji bioaktivitas dan mengetahui konsentrasi paling efektif untuk mortalitas larva, menghambat perkembangan pupa imago, dan menurunkan aktivitas makan S. litura. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama UPTD Perkebunan Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur dan Laboratorium Toksikologi Pestisida, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan April sampai Juni 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Pembuatan EDM menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan aplikasi ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap S. litura yang terdiri atas perlakuan (P0) sebagai kontrol menggunakan aquades, (P1) 5% , (P2) 10%, (P3) 15%, (P4) 20%, (P5) 25%. Hasil pengamatan dilakukan sidik ragam dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila hasil sidik ragam berbeda nyata, maka dilanjutkan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Perhitungan probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai LC50 dan LT50 menggunakan Microsoft excel 2019 dan SPSS Statistic versi 27.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun mengkudu (EDM) dengan konsentrasi tertinggi (25%) mampu memberikan hasil yang efektif dalam mematikan larva mencapai 87%, keberhasilan larva menjadi pupa hanya mencapai 10%, keberhasilan memasuki fase imago sebesar 3,3%, dan mampu menurunkan aktivitas makan sebesar 86% pada S. litura. Nilai LC50 EDM pada 120 JSA diperoleh 23%, sedangkan nilai LT50 pada konsentrasi 25% yaitu 18 jam. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa EDM berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati dalam pengendalian hama S. litura.
English Abstract
Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most important pests that attack vegetable crops in Indonesia, especially mustard plants. Efforts to control pests and plant diseases, currently still rely on the use of synthetic pesticides which if used unwisely will cause various negative impacts so alternative uses of vegetable insecticides are needed such as using noni leaves. Noni leaves (Morinda citrifiola Linn.) have the potential to be used as a botanical pesticides. The purpose of this study was to assess the bioactivity and determine the most effective concentration for larval mortality, inhibit the development of imago pupae, and reduce the feeding activity of S. litura. The research was conducted at the Samarinda Plantation UPTD Pest Laboratory, East Kalimantan, and the Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya from April to June 2023. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Preparation of EDM using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The research was carried out by applying noni leaf extract to S. litura consisting of treatment (P0) as a control using distilled water, (P1) 5%, (P2) 10%, (P3) 15%, (P4) 20%, (P5) 25%. The results of observations were subjected to variance analysis with an error rate of 5%. If the results of variance analysis are significantly different, then Duncan's Multiple Range Test is continued. Probit calculations were carried out to determine the LC50 and LT50 values using Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS Statistic version 27.0. The results showed that noni leaf extract (EDM) with the highest concentration (25%) was able to provide effective results in killing larvae reaching 87%, the success of larvae becoming pupae only reached 10%, the success of entering the imago phase was 3.3%, and was able to reduce feeding activity by 86% in S. litura. The LC50 value of EDM at 120 JSA was 23%, while the LT50 value at 25% concentration was 18 hours. This shows that EDM has the potential as a botanical pesticides in controlling S. litura.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | maria |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 07:27 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2024 07:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210316 |
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